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PSYU2201 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Attending
        
        SOLER
        
        SURETY
      - Active listening
      - Demonstrating EMAPATHY!
      - Summarising
      - Silence
      - Probing questions
        
        Follow up with empathy
        
        Avoid leading questions
      - Summarising
        
        When it is time to wrap up or when session is stagnent
        
        Useful to say we can talk about that next week
        
        When client is stuck
- - - - Gibb's
      - Rolfe
      - Johns
  - - - Beck (1975)
        
        ABC
        
        Cognitive distortions
        
        Avoiding
        
        Passivity
        
        Being liked/loved
        
        Being a victim
      - Irrational/Self-defeating beliefs
- - - - To develop a radical shift in one's relationship to thoughts, feelings and bodily sensations that contribute to their condition
      - Relapse is quite common. ~50-60% will have another episode after the first
        
        Mood becomes low, depressive thinking kicks in
    - - Developed for the prevention of depressive relapse
      - Usually run in groups
      - Typically 8 weekly sessions, 2hrs in length
      - Consists of various formal/informal meditations
      - Graded approach
      - Incorporates elements of cognitive therapy and psychoeducation
      - Emphasis on awareness of relationship to the thought to enhance meta-cognitive awareness
    - - Rumination causes Amygdala to register threat
      - Depression characterised by higher baseline amygdala activity, higher reactivity to emotional stimuli, and dysfunction between limbic and cortical circuits that reguate affective states
      - fMRI studies show lower amygdala activity in people practicing mindfulness than those who do not
    - - Doing Mode (goal)
      - Being Mode
  - - - Enhances focus
      - Improves working memory
      - Reduces emotional reactivity
      - Increases cognitive flexibility
    - - Listening to music
      - Deep breathing
      - Journaling
      - Yoga
      - Body scans
- - - - Worksheets
    - - Empirically tested
        
        Family therapy
        
        Trauma-informed CBT
        
        Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
        
        Acceptance and commitment therapy
        
        Schema therapy
        
        Hypnotherapy
        
        Solution focused therapy
        
        Narrative therapy
      - More effective with accurate assessment
    - - Limited attention to emotion
      - Risk for misuse of therapist power (not limited to CBT)
      - Lack of attention to the past
      - Too technique oriented
      - Failing to adequate develop the therapeutic relationship can be detrimental
      - Inflexible use of Socratic Questioning can be too confrontational
      - Relapse is high for some disorders (e.g., depression)
      - The mechanisms of change are poorly understood
      - • The opportunity for more enduring and significant change is lost without a case conceptualisation and the focus for treatment it provides
  - - - Race/ethnicity/skin
      - Gender and/or sexual identity
      - Age
      - Cultural group
      - Occupation
      - Language spoken
      - Religion
      - Political leanings
      - Marital/parental Status
    - - Individual
      - Social
      - Cultural
    - - Expected to know in own time
      - Colonisation of Australia (assimilation policies)
      - Indigenous knowledge and belief systems
      - Strengths/challenges of being culturally and linguistically diverse
- - - - Common themes to look out for
      - Cognitive content-specificity hypothesis
    - - Pavlov and Watson
        
        Classical conditioning
      - Exposure therapy
        
        Procedural steps
      - Systematic Densensitisation
      - Operant conditioning
      - Aversion therapy ("Dr Shock")
      - Observational learning (Bandura)
    - - Assessing patient concerns/difficulties
      - Establishing treatment plan (goal setting)
      - Identifying treatment obstacles
      - 10 Steps
      - Functional assessment through ABCs
      - Socratic dialogue
- - - - Personal beliefs vs empathy principles
      - Counsellors should have therapy themselves
    - - Lack of examination
      - Absence of confrontation
      - Uncomfortable when expectations aren't met
    - - Cultural Responsivity
      - Cultural Relevance
      - Cultural Reinforcement
    - - Open to change
      - Passionate and authentic
      - Make mistakes but be willing to admit and learn from them
      - Sincere interest in welfare of others
      - Don't impose values on others
    - - Challenge Model of Resilience
      - Point out good things they are doing
      - Client's story is a sacred truth
      - Vincent Lingiari (Wave Hill Walk off)
- - - - Metacognition
      - Mindfulness
      - Acceptance
      - Personal values
      - Spirituality
    - - Present in moment
      - Values
      - Committed action
      - Self-as-context
      - Diffusion
      - Acceptance
- - - - Survival
      - Provides information quickly
      - Aids communication with others
      - Motivator for action
      - Enhances social cohesion
    - - Emotions are universal
      - Expression of emotions may differ across culture
    - - Experiential
      - Emotional system is prime motivator in life
      - Emotional change is central to lasting change
      - Helps identify, experience, articulate, explore emotions
    - - Adaptive
      - Maladaptive
    - - Awareness
      - Emotional expression
      - Regulation
      - Reflection
      - Transformation
      - Corrective experience of emotion
- - - - Focuses on collaboration
      - Role of autonomy and empowerment
      - Chnage originates from client
    - - Focus on solutions, not problems
      - Emphasis on the present
      - Empowerment through client's strengths
      - Desired life vs problem understanding
      - Brief therapy (around 6 sessions)
    - - Building therapeutic alliance
      - Avoiding treating ambivalence as "resistance"
      - Developing discrepancy
      - Supporting self-efficacy
    - - Three types of talking
        
        Change
        
        Solutions
        
        Strategy
      - Use OARS
      - Start with change, then solutions, then strategy
    - - Strengths
        
        Effective for reducing depression, anxiety and addiction
        
        Suitable for early intervention in child behavioural problems
      - Limitations
        
        Doesn't work when establishing dialogue with client is impossible
        
        Therapist is unwilling to let go of their expertise, leading to disconnect between specific problems and the therapists belief in different priority issues
        
        Not helpful when client wants to talk about factors beyond their control