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Infectious diseases in humans - Coggle Diagram
Infectious diseases in humans
How do infectious diseases spread?
Through Droplets in the air
Respiratory droplets full of pathogens are expelled from the body when an infected person coughs or sneezes
Anyone within close range (Roughly 1m) may inhale the droplets and become infected as well
Solutions
Wear a mask
To prevent the droplets full of pathogens from entering the surrounding air
Social Distancing
Out of 1-2m range of someone, lesser risk of inhaling infected droplets in the air and getting infected
Direct Contact
Exchanging body fluids during sexual intercourse
Transmission of STIs and HIV
Through blood
When blood of an infected person contacts the mucous membranes or bloodstream of an uninfected person
Through breastfeeding
Transmission of hepatitis and Syphilis
Consumption of contaminated food/water
Occurs when food and water are not properly handled
Can cause food poisoning
Eg. Cholera, Salmonella
Can be transmitted through insects that touch the food
Solutions
Practicing hygienic food preparation and storage
Having good personal hygiene
Maintaining clean water supply
Ensuring proper sewage treatment
What are diseases?
A disease is a condition that causes the body to function less effectively. Diseases also produce specific signs or symptoms
What are infectious diseases?
Can be spread/transmitted from one person to another
Caused by pathogens (disease-causing micro-organisms)
What are non-infectious diseases?
Cannot be spread/transmitted from one person to another
May be inherited, caused by environmental factors (eg. pollution), other factors (eg. malnutrition) or lifestyle choices
Eg. Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to liver cirrhosis
Examples of infectious diseases
Influenza (The flu)
Transmitted through droplets in the air and direct contact
Caused by influenza virus
High fever, stuffy nose, cough, sore throat, muscle aches
Mainly attacks the respiratory system
Solutions
Get an annual vaccination for flu (recommended)
Avoid coming close to people who have the flu, and vice versa
Pneumococcal Disease
What are vaccines, and how do they work?