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IBICL - Session 3, GINGIVAL ENLARGEMENT, Likely combination of factors,…

- - - - Swelling, fatigue, palpitations, and flushing are the most common side effects.
      - Changes to BP can occur during dental procedures, due to stress, anxiety, or local anesthetics.
        
        Xerostomia (DRY MOUTH): Can cause as a side effect. Can increase risk of dental caries/discomfort.
        
        GINGIVAL OVERGROWTH: HAS been associated with gum enlargement.
        
        Orthostatic Hypotension: Can cause a drop in BP upon standing up. Must be careful when moving patients too quickly.
- - - - Collagen production: CCBs may stimulate the production of collagen in the gingival tissues. Collagen is a structural protein that helps maintain the integrity and strength of connective tissues, including the gums. Increased collagen production can lead to an excessive growth of gum tissue.
- - - - HT and HF are CLOSELY connected.
        
        Hypertension as a Risk Factor for Heart Failure: Chronic hypertension puts increased strain on the heart, forcing it to work harder to pump blood against the elevated resistance in the arteries. Over time, this increased workload can lead to the thickening of the heart muscle (left ventricular hypertrophy) and other structural changes in the heart. As a result, the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently can be compromised, eventually leading to heart failure.
        
        Hypertension and Diastolic Heart Failure: Diastolic heart failure, also known as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), is a type of heart failure where the heart's ability to relax and fill with blood is impaired. Hypertension is a significant risk factor for developing diastolic heart failure, as it can lead to stiffness in the heart muscle and reduce its ability to relax during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle.
        
        Hypertension and Systolic Heart Failure: Systolic heart failure, also known as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), occurs when the heart's ability to contract and pump blood is weakened. While hypertension primarily contributes to diastolic heart failure, long-term uncontrolled hypertension can also lead to systolic dysfunction and contribute to the development of HFrEF.
        
        Aggravating Factors: Hypertension can exacerbate heart failure in individuals who already have heart failure due to other causes. Elevated blood pressure can put additional strain on a weakened heart, worsening symptoms and potentially leading to acute decompensation.
        
        Shared Risk Factors: Hypertension and heart failure share common risk factors, such as age, obesity, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle. Addressing these risk factors through lifestyle modifications can help prevent or manage both conditions.