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Data Collection & Measurement Strats - Coggle Diagram
Data Collection & Measurement Strats
Data Collection Method
Primary Sources
Observation
Direct
Participants
Culture
Rosenhan Experiment (Insanity)
Non-participants
Behavior
Hawthorne Effect (being watched, behavior changes)
Halo Effect (Bias observation)
Varying Interpretation (interpret from diff perspectives)
Indirect
Recording
Experiment
Survey
Interview
Structured (fixed, face-to-face, preset)
Unstructured (freestyle?)
Questionnaire
Design principles
Avoid using leading-questions
Short, simple, clear
Way that is intended to use the collected data
Demographic Questions (gender, age)
Y/N & MCQ
Pre-test is needed
Secondary Sources
Document
Data Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
Stratified Random Sampling (with conditions)
Cluster Sampling (Mixed?)
Sample Size
Quantitative (the more, the merrier)
Qualitative (determined by data saturation)
Errors
Sampling Error (Unrelated Population)
Non-Sampling Error (data mistake, non-response, bias)
Inaccuracy
Sensitive
researchers' bias
Simulation
Measurement Level
Qualitative
Discrete
Nominal
has concept, defined
Ordinal
ranking, opinion-based
Quantitative
Continuous
Ratio
0 has meaning, cannot be negative
Interval
has unit, 0 can be any meaning