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HPE Report, Relation to document - Coggle Diagram

- - - - less access to schooling
      - extracurriculars
      - lower decile schools
      - forced to work and leave school
      - less resources
      - less time for school work
        
        miss out on exams
        
        no time for homework or extracurricular
        
        tired at school from lack of rest/sleep
    - - discrimination and bullying for being poorer
      - abuse
      - drugs, alcohol
      - less time to self
        
        mental wellbeing
    - - unbalanced diet
      - less access to extracurricular sports
      - unhealthier food is cheaper
      - abuse
    - - https://www.tewhatuora.govt.nz/our-health-system/data-and-statistics/suicide-web-tool/
        
        https://tewhatuora.shinyapps.io/suicide-web-tool/
      - higher rate in Maori
        
        in 2020-2021, maori 15-24 year olds had 1.4x the rate than non-maori of the same age
      - total of estimated 15.1 per 100,000 15-19y/o in 2021
      - 14.6 in quintile 5 in 2021
      - https://mentalhealth.org.nz/suicide-prevention/suicide-statistics#:~:text=Losing%20a%20loved%20one%20or,likely%20to%20die%20by%20suicide
      - one of the highest youth suicide rates in 2019 in OECD countries
      - Related risk factors
        
        "Family and childhood experiences, including experiencing poverty, deprivation, physical and/or sexual abuse, alcohol abuse, the loss of significant family members"
        
        Age – in New Zealand, young people have the highest suicide rate
        
        Ethnicity – in New Zealand, Māori are more likely to die by suicide than non-Māori
        
        https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40284130
        
        "child poverty, high rates of teenage pregnancies or families where neither of the parents have work."
      - from 2015-2019, suicide was the most common reason for death of 15-19 y/o
        
        https://www.hqsc.govt.nz/resources/resource-library/child-and-youth-mortality-review-committee-15th-data-report-201519-te-ropu-arotake-auau-mate-o-te-hunga-tamariki-taiohi-te-purongo-raraunga-15-201519/
  - - - pg 34 on motivation to work !!!
        
        Money
        
        more poverty = more for family income
      - pg 28/29 on work hours based on social status, race, and locations !!!
        
        more poverty = more working hours
        
        less time at school
        
        11% of 17yo work 15-20hrs
        
        11% of high poverty area children work excessive hours
        
        20% of maori/pasific students work more than 15hrs
        
        12% pacific students work more than 20hrs
        
        6% of students work more than 20hrs
    - - 15-19 yo employment is around 45% in labour market (according to newest july 2023 report)
- - - - rising of the cost of living in nz
        
        https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/cost-of-living-remains-high-for-all-household-groups/#:~:text=The%20cost%20of%20living%20for%20the%20average%20household%20increased%207.7,main%20contributors%20to%20this%20increase.
        
        The cost of living for the average household increased 7.7 percent in the 12 months to March 2023.
        
        The cost of living for beneficiary households increased 6.7 percent in the 12 months to March 2023.
      - having to pay rent because they can't afford a house
        
        Rent makes up about a third of beneficiary household expenditure
        
        Beneficiary households are those that receive government benefits ranging from jobseeker support, supported living payments and sole parent support.
      - low income for manual workers
      - not having school qualifications to get a professional job
      - low emphasis on education
  - - - increasing youth in employment is used as a postive indicator
        
        however - document doesnt consider that increasing employment can also mean children are working more to provide for family rather than going to school
        
        attendance is also used as an indicator but it doesn't account for the outside school working hours - leads to lack of rest/hw etc
- - - - students in lower decile schools are much less likely to attend school regularly (42% of students in decile 1-2 schools attended regularly in 2019, compared to 67% in decile 9-10 schools)
    - - Maori and Pasific students had lowest attendence (44.9% and 47.6%) in Term 1 2023 (most recent data)
      - secondary (y9-13) have lower attendance rate than y1-8
    - - Possible factors for low attendence
        
        rising cost of living
        
        rising cost of accomodation
        
        "low unemployment rates and high youth employment rates – this makes work an
        increasing option for school aged young people"
        
        perspectives on importance of school
        
        22% of students don't think school is imporatnt
        
        8% of parents don't think school is important
        
        8% of parents don't think attendence is important
        
        33% of students dont think attendence is important
        
        same perspectives/percentages for Maori and Pacific
      - Paid work
        
        7% of parents will not send their child to school if they have work
        
        3% of students missed school due to work in the last 2 weeks (prior to study)
        
        "Just over one in four schools reported more senior learners working paid jobs and leaving school for work"
  - - - time managements skills
      - confidence
      - independence
      - learn value of money
      - learn to provide for themselves and their family
      - help with school-work transition
      - https://www.waldenu.edu/online-doctoral-programs/doctor-of-education/resource/pros-and-cons-of-working-a-job-in-high-school
      - https://counselors.collegeboard.org/counseling/prepare/work#:~:text=Benefits,provide%20both%20training%20and%20experience.
    - - lower attendance
      - declining mental health (stress)
      - less academic acheivement
      - https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1072558.pdf
    - - paid work for credits
        
        Washington passed a law in 2022 to allow students over 16yo to gain credits from paid work
        
        https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2023-24/Htm/Bill%20Reports/House/1658-S%20HBR%20APH%2023.htm#:~:text=Beginning%20in%20the%202023%E2%80%9324,provided%20specified%20requirements%20are%20met.
        
        more detail of the idea in the hpe notes doc