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Chapter 8 - Introduction to Hypothesis Testing - Coggle Diagram

- - - - null hypothesis - states that the treatment has no effect; no change, no effect, no difference; nothing happened
      - scientific (alternative) hypothesis - states that the treatment has an effect on the dependent variable; states that there is a change, a difference, or a relationship for the general population; predicts that the independent variable (treatment) does have an effect on the dependent variable
      - level of significance (alpha level) - probability value used to define the concept of "very unlikely" in a hypothesis test
      - critical region - composed of the extreme sample values that are very unlikely to be obtained if the null hypothesis is true; boundaries are determined by the alpha level
        
        if sample data fall in the critical region, the null hypothesis is rejected
- - - - Serves 2 functions:
        
        Alpha helps determine the boundaries for the critical region by defining the concept of "very unlikely" outcomes
        
        determines probability of Type I error
- - - - measures the distance between 2 means; typically a positive number