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(PRESENT PERFECT HAVE/HAS + P. PARTICIPLE, PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS …
PRESENT PERFECT
HAVE/HAS + P. PARTICIPLE
FOR NEW INFORMATION / TO GIVE NEW INFORMATION
When we say that SMTH HAS HAPPENED
But if we continue to talk about it, we normally use the PAST SIMPLE
For ACTION STARTED IN THE PAST
that has a RESULT NOW, or CONNECTION with NOW
With JUST, ALREADY, YET
ALREADY
Smth happened sooner than expected
YET
The speaker is expecting something to happen
Use it only in questions and negative sentences
To talk about a PERIOD OF TIME THAT CONTINUES FROM THE PAST UNTIL NOW
With RECENTLY / SINCE 2007, BREAKFAST... / THIS WEEK, YEAR / TODAY / IN THE LAST FEW DAYS / SO FAR...
When it is THE (FIRST) TIME SOMETHING HAS HAPPENED
THE FOCUS IS ON THE RESULT
The important thing is that something has been finished, that the action is completed. We are interested in the RESULT OF THE ACTIVITY, not the activity itself.
We use the simple to say HOW MUCH, HOW MANY or HOW MANY TIMES:
With ALWAYS
DO NOT USE IT IF THE SITUATION NOW IS DIFFERENT
You can use it for NEW OR RECENT HAPPENINGS
COMPARE:
HAVE you SEEN Anna THIS MORNING? (It is still morning)
DID you SEE Anna THIS MORNING? (It is now afternoon or evening)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
HAVE/HAS + BEEN + (V)-ING
------------>I
FOR AN ACTIVITY THAT HAS RECENTLY STOPPED OR JUST STOPPED (AND HAS A CONNECTION WITH NOW)
THE ACTIVITY IS STILL HAPPENING OR HAS JUST STOPPED
Especially with HOW LONG, FOR, SINCE
FOR ACTIONS REPEATED OVER A PERIOD OF TIME
She's been playing SINCE she was eight.
They've been going there FOR years
THE FOCUS IS ON THE ACTIVITY ITSELF
lt doesn't matter whether it has been finished or not.
We use the continuous to say HOW LONG (for something that is still happening):
Note that you can use WANT and MEAN in the present perfect continuous:
I've been meaning to phone Jane1 but I keep forgetting
DO NOT USE with ALWAYS