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The influence of evolutionary history on human health and disease -…
The influence of evolutionary history
on human health and disease
DNA sequencing has opened new possibilities of understanding in human genomics.
Similar to a family's genetic history, an individual's genome is like a historical record.
Review goes back over ancient history to study disease origination
Disease is necessary for evolution
With phenotypic variation comes disease.
Genetic mapping of disease origin and how specific traits arise.
The evolutionary pattern of disease "Antagonistic Pleiotrophy"
Very common
Example of a cardiac condition, where particular alleles increase lifetime reproductive success, but later in life increase risk of heart disease.
Trade-offs often seen, with some individuals more suited for a particular environment than others.
Variety of examples showTrade-offs with different diseases found Worldwide
Cold temperature can mess w/ bodies internal thermoregulation and can cause increase in migraines
UV radiation can cause skin pigment damage, leading to keratosis, sunburn, and skin cancer
Diet fluctuation can lead to +/- fat storage and energy metabolism, causing Type 2 diabetes and obesity
Polygenic risk scores (PRS's) is a new region in evolutionary medicine for evaluating individuals at risk.
Evaluate with caution, as generalizing could lead to misdiagnosis, inadequate drug dosing, and development of wrong risk predictions
This new area of study could open even more doors into evolutionary insight!
Genetic analysis of disease needs to be studied at greater scale size.
Highlights downfalls of generalizing new findings throughout populations. Need to be precise!