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Review of Kantine and Bentham Ethics - Coggle Diagram
Review of Kantine and Bentham Ethics
Who was Kant?
5"1'
19th Century German Philosopher
Deontologist
Highly valued Empirical Evidence
Heavily influenced by Hume
Protestant
Who was Bentham?
Consequentialist
19th Century British Philosopher and social reformer
Came from a wealthy background but found that the legal system didn't work for poor people.
Promoted social, legal and political reform, attacking privelege
Believed you should take a scientific approach to morality and think logically
Do consequences bring about harm or not?
Act Utilitarianism
Situational and consequentialist
Based on empirical evidence
Bentham observed that humans desire pleasure and avoid pain
Principle of Utility
In any situation, we should seek to maximise the happiness of the greatest amount of people and limit the suffering of the greatest amount of people
Everyone has an equal right to happiness
Bentham's Hedonic Calculus
Duration
How long will the pleasure last
Reproduction
How probable the pleasure will bring more pleasure
Purity
How pure is the pleasure is such that it is not likely to be followed by pain
Remoteness
How soon will the pleasure occur
Intensity
How strong the pleasure will be
Certainty
How likely/probable that the pleasure will occur
Extent
How many people are affected by pleasure
Kantian Ethics
Absolutist, deontological view
Focuses on actions rather than effects
Categorical imperatives
Moral laws that all must follow
Regardless of extenuating circumstances
Must be universalisable
Must treat people as an ends rather than a means