Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY - Coggle Diagram
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Introduction of Cognitive Psychology
studies mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember, and learn
on how people acquire, process, and store information
There are numerous practical applications for cognitive research,
such as ways to improve memory, how to increase decision-making accuracy, and how to structure educational curriculums to enhance learning.
How is Cognitive Psychology Different?
cognitive psychology is concerned with internal mental state
cognitive psychology uses scientific
research methods to study mental
Basic Assumption
Cognitive psychology is a pure science,
based mainly on laboratory experiments.
Behavior can be largely explained in
terms of how the mind operates
The mind works in a way similar to a
computer: inputting, storing and
retrieving data.
Meditational processes occur between
stimulus and response
Development Before 1950
Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909)
studied learning and
memory experimentally.
First person to use nonsense syllables
in learning and memory research.
First to describe the “learning curve”
Some of his innovations, such as the
use of the nonsense syllable,
He published the results in Memory: A
contribution to experimental psychology
William James (1842-1910)
William James’s book “The Principle Of
Psychology
research on cognition
and suggested many additional
research possibilities.
Sir Frederick Charles (1886-1969)
Published Remembering: A Study in
Experimental and Social Psychology
demonstrated how memory is
influenced by personal, cognitive schema than by mechanical laws of association.
Founded that information is always
encoded, stored and recalled in terms of individual preconception and attitudes.
Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
publishing research on intellectual
development
Demonstrate child’s interaction with the
environment become more complex and adaptive
Two (2) major aspects of his theory:
Process of Cognitive Development:
Interested in how organism adapts
to its environment.
Behavior (adaptation to the
environment) is controlled through mental organizations called schema that the individual uses to represent the world and designate action.
This adaptation is driven by a biological drive to obtain balance between schemas and the environment (equilibration)
Piaget described two process used assimilation and accommodation.
Stages of Cognitive Development:
Sensorimotor stage
Pre-operational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
Donald Olding Hebb (1940-1985)
Hebb, in his books, The organization
and behavior, not only sought biological explanation of behavior but also urged
the study of cognitive process
He also encouraged of development in
physiological and cognitive psychology.
Norbert Wiener (1894-1964)
cybernetics as the study of the structure and function of information-processing systems
How mechanical or biological systems can achieve a goal or maintain a balance by automatically utilizing feedback from their activities.
he published Cybernetics: or
Control and Communication in the
Animal and the Machine.
In this book, he popularized such terms
as input, output, and feedback.
Development During 1950‘s
George Armitage Miller (1920-2012)
His most famous work was The Magical
Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Information
Miller’s remember that during 1950’s “cognition” was a dirty word because cognitive psychologist were seen as fuzzy, hand-waving, imprecise people who really never did anything that was testable”.
Leon Festingner (1919-1989)
Jerome Bruner (1915-2016)
Noam Chomsky (1928-present)
Development After 1960‘s
Processing Information Approach