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AGRI - Coggle Diagram
AGRI
- Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme
- Central Sector scheme with 100% funding from Government of India
- Income support of Rs. 6000/- per year to eligible farmer families
- Provided in three equal installments of Rs. 2000/- every four months
- Definition of family: husband, wife, and minor children
- Identification responsibility rests with State/UT Governments
- Exclusions: employees of central and state government, PSU employees, pensioners, etc.
- Direct transfer of funds to beneficiaries' bank accounts
- Enrollment through local patwari/revenue officer/Nodal Officer
- History of Agriculture in India
- Conduct of Agriculture Census and its objectives
- Findings of Agriculture Census 2015-16
- Importance of agriculture for poverty alleviation and employment generation
- Decline of agriculture's share in national GDP
- Green Revolution and its phases
- Increase in food grain production and self-sufficiency
- White Revolution and the role of Dr. Verghese Kurien
- Pink Revolution and modernization of the meat and poultry processing sector
- Introduction to Agriculture in India
- Distribution of farmer categories and their land holdings
- Agricultural/cultivable land and number of farmers in the country
- Average land holding per farmer
- Percentage of rural women engaged in farming activities and land ownership
- Real GDP growth rate of the agriculture sector in recent years
- Minimum Support Price (MSP)
- Purpose and announcement of MSP for procurement
- Factors considered by the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) in recommending MSP
- Calculation of cost of production using different parameters
- MSPs of different crops and commodities
- Issues associated with MSP and procurement
- MSP of Minor Forest Produce (MFP)
- Scheme for marketing MFP through MSP and value chain development
- Review and revision of MSP for MFP
- Implementation by Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED)
- Procurement by state designated agencies at haats and payment to MFP gatherers
- Financial support provided by the central government and latitude for state governments in fixing MSP
- Impact of PM-KISAN scheme
- May have some impact on inflation
- Cash leads to spends on consumer staples and other goods
- Less inflationary compared to other schemes/subsidies like MSP and input subsidies
- Support not linked to production or any specific crop
- Agriculture Extension Services
- Extension services provide timely advisory services to farmers
- Multiple agencies offering agricultural extension/advisory services
- Agri-clinics/agri-business centres/ventures by agricultural graduates
- Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) and Institute Village Linkage Programme (IVLP) by ICAR
- Involvement of FPOs, NGOs, and the corporate sector
- National Mission on Agricultural Extension & Technology (NMAET)
- Consists of 4 Sub Missions
- Sub Mission on Agricultural Extension (SMAE)
- Agri Clinics, Agri business centres, Kisan Call Centres for extension services
- Sub-Mission on Seed and Planting Material (SMSP)
- Covers the entire seed chain and protection of plant varieties
- Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM)
- Focuses on farm mechanization, especially for small and marginal farmers
- Sub Mission on Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine (SMPP)
- Promotes Integrated Pest Management to keep crops disease-free
- Custom Hiring Centres (CHC)
- Unit comprising advanced and costly farm machinery and equipment
- Used for custom hiring by farmers on a rental basis
- Subsidy provided by the government for setting up CHCs
- National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET)
- Aims to restructure and strengthen agricultural extension
- Delivery of appropriate technology and improved agronomic practices to farmers
- Focus on physical outreach, interactive methods, use of ICT, capacity building, and institution strengthening
- Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK)
- Network of over 700 KVKs established by the Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR)
- Conducts technology assessment, refinement, and knowledge dissemination
- Provides farm support, training programs, and critical inputs for farmers
- Farmers Producer Organization (FPO)
- Institutional mechanism for organizing small and marginal farmers
- Enables access to economies of scale, credit facilities, and market linkages
- Support provided by SFAC, NCDC, NABARD, and ICAR
- Agricultural Produce and Marketing Committee (APMC) Acts
- State-level regulations for agricultural markets
- Mandis managed by Market Committees
- First sale of agricultural commodities conducted under APMCs
- Electronic - National Agriculture Market (e-NAM)
- Online platform connecting APMC mandis for agricultural trading
- Enables buyers from different states to participate in trading
- Aims to increase transparency, competition, and price discovery
- [Model] Agri Produce and Livestock Marketing Act 2017
- Model law proposed by the Central Government to promote direct transactions and quality standards
- Provides for private wholesale markets, direct sale, and electronic trading
- Seeks to increase efficiency and reduce market distortions
- Agricultural production based on agreements between buyers and farmers
- Provides a guaranteed market outlet for farmers and a reliable supply for buyers
- Advantages include price certainty and support in terms of inputs and technical advice
- [Model] Contract Farming Act 2018
- Drafted model law to promote contract farming and services
- Establishes state-level authorities and committees for implementation
- Supports production, FPOs, and dispute settlement mechanisms
- Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan (PM-AASHA)
- Umbrella Scheme aimed at ensuring remunerative prices to farmers
- Comprised of three sub-schemes
- Price Support Scheme (PSS)
- Physical procurement of pulses, oilseeds, and Copra
- Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS)
- Direct payment of the difference between MSP and selling/modal price
- Pilot of Private Procurement & Stockist Scheme (PPSS)
- Private agency procures commodities at MSP in notified markets