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Applied Behavior Analysis - Coggle Diagram
Applied Behavior Analysis
Principles
Focuses on socially significant behaviors.
Applied
application and relevant variables of study are determined by their importance to individuals or society.
Bahvioral
Emphasis placed on observable changes in behavior, specifically those targeted for change.
Analytic
Researcher must demonstrate sufficient control of the targeted behavior to conclude the the intervention was responsible for the change in behavior.
Characteristics and Components
Technological: description of intervention is complete and precise.
Conceptual Systems: Descriptions of procedures and interventions relate directly to principles.
Effective: data verifying change are not sufficient, must be large enough to be deemed socially significant.
Generalizable: demonstration of generalization requires one or more of the following:
behavior maintains over time
behavior occurs across different settings or situations
there are changes in different, but related behaviors
Two basic but critical variables in a science of human behavior
Stimuli
Any environmental variable that is observable; any event that a human senses through receptors.
Responses
Positive Reinforcement: most basic principle of learning with a powerful and profound effect.
The presentation of stimulus
contingent upon a response
which increases the future frequency of that type of response
Basic Procedures Based Upon Principles of Learning
Postive Reinforcement Procedure: A teacher says a child's name and then praises the child when they make eye contact to try and reinforce eye contact.
Negative Reinforcement Procedure:
(Escape): A mother tells her son that he may leave the table when he finished eating his vegetables
(Avoidance): A girl is told by her parents that she needs to puck up all of her toys or she will be sent to her room. The child avoids being sent to her room by picking up all of her toys.
Punishment (with contingent stimulus presentation) Procedure: A parent scolds her son for hitting his baby brother to try and punish the child's hitting.
Punishment (with contingent stimulus removal) procedure:
Timeout: person being removed from probably reinforcers contingent upon a particular behavior
Response cost: probably reinforcers been removed from the individual.
Extinction Procedure: a daughter has inadvertently learned to misbehave when her father is on the phone. In the past, the father has immediately stopped talking on the phone and scolded his daughter for this misbehavior. The scolding increased the future frequency of her talking when her father is on the phone. Ignoring her behavior would be an example of extinction.
Differentiation Reinforcement Procedure: a young child who is nearly non-verbal tries to simply take what she wants. The parents implement a differential reinforcement procedure to try and increase other more appropriate behaviors such as, the child saying "cookie please" or signs it they will be given a cookie, if the child just grabs the cookie, the parent will withhold it.
Discrimination Training Procedure: mother asks "who am I?", child says "mommy", mother praises "yes I am mommy", child says mommy more often.
Shaping Procedure: differentially reinforcing , successive approximation to target.
Prompting and fading procedure: promoting involves adding supplemental antecedent stumuli, which make the response occurrence more likely.
Stimulus Response chains: leading to a behavior, which in turn, leads to a consequence. In a stimulus response chain, a complex response chain, a complex response or behavior in this S-R-S or ABC contingency is broken up into component responses.
Services and Principles:
Children with ASD are children first and any program must be safe and nurturing for them.
Data based decision making must be employed across all aspects of the program.
Children with ASD must have multiple opportunities to interact successfully with their typically developing peers everyday.
The program we develop must be acceptable to consumers and must fit into the social context of public schools.
Programs and Services provided
Educational and Residential services
Home-based program
Preschool program
Intensive Day Classroom
Regular Day classroom
Residential School
Safe Intensive Residential Program
Adult Programs
Partner Program Classrooms
Autism Curriculum Encyclopedia