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Theories of Learning - extinction, habituation, satiation - Coggle Diagram
Theories of Learning - extinction, habituation, satiation
Classical Conditioning:
Pairing of 2 neutral stimuli (CS must precede the UCS)
Habituation
a decrease in the Unconditional R. following
repeated exposure
to the
unconditional stimulus
. E.G. Tuning out loud noise once getting use to it.
Habituation
is often used to
study infant perception
.
Classical extinction
elimination of the conditioned response
following removal of the unconditioned stimulus
EG Pavlov, bell repeatedly presented w/o ever being paired w/ food again, dogs salivation will eventually fade away
technique using CE -
In vivo exposure w/ Response Prevention
. Exposing an indiv. to a feared stim. then blocking them from engaging in the usual avoidance response. or r
epeatedly presenting CS without the US
Cue Deflation
Extinction of a response to one cue leads to an increased reaction to the other CS. Sometimes occurs where 2 simultaneous CSs of different salience are paired w/ an UCS.
Overshadowing
When 2 CSs are presented simultaneously + followed by an UCs, the more salient CS is more strongly conditioned w/the less salient.
Potentiation
Refers to when salient CS enhances the conditioning of the less salient CS (2 CS)
Backward Blocking
Conditioned response to the second stimulus (out of 2) is reduced.
Backward conditioning
UCS precedes the UC ( food + buzzer). Not effective. for CC to be effective, CS must precede the UCS.
Bx Intervention: Flooding (pt. exposed to feared stimulus)
CLASSICAL EXTINCTION
Operant Conditioning:
learning occurs d/t consequences of bx
Satiation
Decrease in response following
repeated exposure to positive reinforcer
. EG M&Ms no longer reward for child behavior
Operant extinction
decrease in an operant response following
removal of a positive reinforcer
. EG No M&Ms to child and behavior will stop
What can happen immediately after positive reinforcer is removed? Bx increase or decrease?
Bx Increases
(
Response Burst
)
Thinning
reduction in positive reinforcement (switching from continuous to intermittent schedule)
vs. Fading? why not Fading?
Fading: are
verbal and nonverbal prompts
used to help initiate a response. Once response is well established, prompts are gradually removed w/ ultimate goal being the response to occur independently.
Response Deprivation
Timberlake + Allison's theory: animal's normal
response rate
(e.g. eating food) is
restricted
(e.g. food deprivation), that BX becomes more preferred + therefore
reinforcing
.
Premack Principle
Probability- differential theory
An activity will have reinforcing properties when it's probability of occurrence is greater than that of the bx it is intending to reinforce
Matching Law
Hernstein's matching law: based on economic principles of cost and rewards, predicts that when an animal choose from 2 or more simul. avail. reinforcement contingencies, that responding to ea. contig. will be proportional to the reinforcement on each schedule.
Maximizing Law
Contrast to matching law, animal will respond in a manner to achieve the max rate/number of rewards possible.
Differential Reinforcement for Other Behaviors (DRO)
Comb. of operant extinction + positive reinforcement
non-reinforcement (
extinction) of target bx
+
reinforcement of all other bxs
except the target bxs.
used w/
Autism + ADHD
.
EG Reinforcement after someone w/autism does not self-injury for one minute.