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Cycle of Matter & Flow of Energy (Notes: https://docs.google…
Matter
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It is also the raw building blocks of cells and is made up of tiny particles called atoms which cannot be seen
Cycle of Matter
Matter is not created nor destroyed but transformed into different forms. Matter is constantly cycled between living and non-living parts of the environment.
All the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements that make up the molecules of living things have been cycled over and over throughout time.
Why is it important?
To ensure that one phase of the cycle does not have less matter, eventually causing matter to run out and stop the cycle.
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Photosynthesis
During photosynthesis, plants make carbohydrates e.g. glucose, a simple carbohydrate. Glucose is made out of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Using the Sun’s light energy, plants split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen is combined with carbon dioxide to form carbohydrates like glucose.
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Photosynthesis is a process where plants use Carbon Dioxide as a reactant with water, and through light energy captured by chlorophyll which was converted to chemical energy, combine them to release energy as a form of glucose with by-products of Oxygen and water.
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During photosynthesis, glucose is manufactured in the leaves. It is then converted to sucrose. Plants transport food in the form of sucrose because it is less reactive than glucose. The sucrose along with amino acids are transported in the phloem.
Transpiration
Water Cycle is the path that all water follows as it moves around the Earth in different states. It is a complex system with different processes. Liquid water evaporates into gaseous water vapour, condenses to form clouds, and precipitates back to earth as rain. Solid ice is found in glaciers and snow.
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The movement of water in plants is driven by transpiration. This loss of water vapour from plants is part of the water cycle.
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Translocation
The process of transporting food materials in the phloem tissue from source cells to other parts of the plant is known as translocation.
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Flow of Energy
Energy enters an ecosystem when producers like plants take in raw materials and convert them to chemical potential energy during photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis in producers enables the energy in sunlight to be transformed into chemical energy in the form of sugars.
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Consumers including herbivores rely on the consumption of producers and other organisms as a source of energy and nutrients. Even decomposers obtain energy and organic matter from decaying dead organisms, recycling nutrients back to producers in the process.
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Feeding Relationships
Food Chain
Summary
Food chains do not begin with the sun. All food chains begin with producers. A food chain is a series of organisms through which energy is transferred in the form of chemical potential energy
Ecological Pyramid
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Three types of Pyramids
Biomass
Pyramid of biomass shows the total dry mass of organisms at each trophic level of a food chain.
E.g., grass → rabbit → snake → hawk
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Energy
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E.g., grass → rabbit → snake → hawk
Number
Pyramid of numbers shows the number of organisms at each trophic level of a food chain.
E.g., grass → rabbit → snake → hawk
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Carbon Cycle
Carbon cycle influences crucial life processes e.g. photosynthesis and respiration, contributes to fossil fuel formation, and impacts the earth’s climate.
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Carbon cycle influences crucial life processes e.g. photosynthesis and respiration, contributes to fossil fuel formation, and impacts the earth’s climate.
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