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Developmental Psychology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - "teratogens"
        
        Rubella
        
        Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
  - - - Piaget
        
        Children's minds aren't miniature versions of adult minds
        
        Four main stages of intellectual growth
      - Vygotsky
        
        Collaborative learning (social contexts like siblings/peers)
        
        "Zone of proximal development"
        
        Information Processing Approach
- - - - Harlow
        
        Wire/cloth monkey
      - Bowlby
      - Ainsworth
        
        Strange situation procedure
        
        Limitations
        
        Still face procedure
  - - - Aggression levels similar but displayed in different ways
    - - beliefs about being a boy or girl
    - - Newborns labelled despite few differences (minus anatomical)
    - - Psychoanalytic
      - Biological basis
      - Cognitive development
      - Gender schema theory
      - Social cognitive theory
  - - - Consequences vs intentions
    - - 3 stages with 2 levels in each
- - - - Authoritative
      - Authoritarian
      - Permissive
      - Uninvolved
  - - - How and why illness develops
      - How to stay healthy
      - treatment of illness
      - Management of illness
    - - Hippocrates
      - Plato
      - Galen (2nd Century A.D): localization of illness in the body
      - Middle Ages
      - Renaissance: Descartes’ breakthroughs
    - - Illness-Wellness Continuum
      - Biomedical model
        
        To be healthy you are absent of disease (purely physical)
      - Biopsychosocial
    - - Definition
        
        Stimulus
        
        Response
        
        Process
      - Yerkes-Dodson Law
      - Appraisal
        
        Primary
        
        Good or bad?
        
        Relevance
        
        Secondary
        
        Coping
        
        Challenge vs threat
        
        Dispositional similarities and situational differences
      - Coping
        
        Reappraisal
        
        Acceptance
        
        Distraction
        
        Rumination
        
        Problem-focused vs emotion-focused coping
        
        Practical/active vs avoidant coping
        
        Adaptive vs maladaptive coping
        
        Flexible coping
- - - - Expectancy theory
      - Conditioning
  - - - Stress
- - - - Mere exposure
      - Classical/operant conditioning
      - Imitation
      - Socialisation
      - Bem's Self-Perception Theory
      - Unobtrusive influences
    - - Cognitive consistency
      - Balance theory (Heider)
      - Implicit vs explicit
    - - Is it worth changing attitudes in otder to change behaviour?
      - Cognitive Dissonance Theory
- - - - Source (who?)
        
        Attractiveness
        
        High vs low credibility
      - Message (says what?)
        
        Vivid information
        
        Fear appeals
        
        Humour
      - Recipient (to whom?)
        
        Self-esteem
        
        Mood
      - Medium
  - - - Mindlessness
      - Photocopy queue
    - - Door-in-the-face
    - - Low-ball technique
      - Foot-in-the-door
- - - - Coaching
      - Psychosocial health
      - Rehabilitation
      - Recruitment and selection
      - Learning and development
      - Culture assessment
      - User experience and Design
      - Accident investigation
    - - Shakespeare's Henry V
      - W.L. Bryan 1904 coined term Industrial Psychology
      - Hugo Munsterberg
        
        System for streetcar motormen
      - James Cattell
      - Frederick Taylor (Taylorism)
      - Walter Dill Scott
      - Elton Mayo (Hawthorne Effect)
      - WWII
      - Goal-setting theory
      - Personnel Selection (KSA's)
      - Personality
    - - Hazards
        
        Heat
        
        Cold
        
        Noise
      - Diseases
        
        Ergonomic
        
        Carpal tunnel syndrome
        
        Tendinitis
        
        Pathogenic
        
        Asbestosis
        
        Black lung disease (coal inhale)
        
        Lead poisoning
        
        Psychological
        
        Chronic Stress
        
        Irritable bowel syndrome
        
        Post traumatic stress
        
        Depression
        
        Anxiety
      - Consequences of occupational accidents
        
        Immediate
        
        Short-term
        
        Long-term
      - Occupational safety in developing countries
      - Human error
        
        Perception (attention)
        
        Decision
        
        Response (action)
      - Human error patterns
        
        Sporadic
        
        Systematic
        
        Random
- - - - Forced redundancy
      - Elimination of some internal functions
      - Merging of wards
      - Changes in response to limits in funding
    - - Diagnosis
        
        Surveys
        
        Role uncertainty
        
        Role conflict
        
        Interviews
        
        Rich information
        
        Observing staff
    - - Job demands and resources model
      - Models of resilience
      - Social identity theory
    - - Group based training
      - Coaching
      - Facilitating discussion
      - Oragnisational-level interventions
- - - - Thermoception
      - Nociception (pain)
      - Magnetoreception (magnetic fields)
      - Chronoception (sensing the passage of time)
    - - Vision
      - Audition
      - Chemical senses
        
        Gustation
        
        Papillae
        
        Guard
        
        Umami
        
        Insular cortex
        
        Olfaction
      - Body senses
        
        Touch
        
        Proprioception
        
        Equilibrioception (balance)
    - - Neuropsychology
        
        Apperceptive agnosia
        
        Associative agnosia
        
        Alien hand syndrome
      - Clinical psychology
        
        Body dysmorphia
    - - Sweet
      - Sour
      - Salty
      - Bitter
      - Umami (savoury)
    - - Cognitive appraisal
        
        Nocebo
        
        Chronic pain changing brain structure
      - Multiple senses
        
        Skin
        
        Muscles
        
        Joints
        
        Tendons
        
        Ligaments
      - Mechanoreceptors
        
        Transduction to pain
      - Pain modulation
        
        Mindfulness
        
        Relaxation techniques
        
        CBT
      - Sensory humunculus
    - - Parts
        
        Cochlea
        
        Internal acoustic meatus
        
        Cranial nerve VIII
        
        Pinnae
      - Sound localisation
        
        interaural time differences (ITDs)
        
        interaural intensity differences (IIDs)
      - Sensitivity vs resolution
      - Visual receptive fields
    - - Stereopsis
      - Types of rods and cones
      - Structure of retina
        
        Ganglion
        
        Horizontal
      - LGN
      - V1
        
        Complex receptive fields
    - - Top-down
      - Bottom-up
- - - - Types
        
        Episodic
        
        Semantic
        
        Lexical
        
        Prospective
        
        Procedural
      - Multistore memory model
        
        3 steps
        
        Sensory
        
        Visual (Iconic)
        
        Auditory (Echoic)
        
        Touch (Tactile)
        
        Short-term
        
        Long-term
        
        Must be passed along
        
        Different stores for different duration
      - Serial position effect
        
        Primacy effect
        
        Rate of presentation
        
        Recency effect
        
        Add filer task
      - Levels of processing theory
        
        Semantic
        
        Physical
        
        Rhyme
        
        Schemas
        
        Flashbulb memory
      - Forgetting in LTM
        
        Retrieval
        
        Flashbulb
        
        "childhood amnesia"
      - Neuropsychology of amnesia/LTM
        
        Confabulation
        
        Neuroanatomy
        
        Neocortex (storage)
        
        Limbic system (
- - - - Sensory memory store
      - Selector
      - Working memory
    - - Sensory Store
      - Selective filter
      - Higher level processing
      - Working memory
      - Limitations
        
        Hearing own name catches attention
        
        Shadowing in dochotic listening task
    - - Early vs late selection
    - - Attention is a resource
    - - Change Blindness
        
        Flickering images
        
        Slowly fading in building/grass
      - Inattentional blindness
    - - Motorcyclists on road
      - Phones significantly affecting inattentional blindness
      - HUD for pilots