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Gould Essay prise, Plan for the Essay - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Perhaps Chickering is the best translation to turn to, he tends to avoid the contemporising modern idioms used by Heaney, but has written his translation in keeping - as much as possible - with the structure of Anglo-Saxon poetry, which might be a necessary component in discussions on the poets use of sound.
        
        Turn to Tolkien for individual words
        
        If using full lines quote Chickering
        
        Use translations to contrast and compare with the effects made by Heaney
- - - - This passage and its predecessor offer a striking juxtaposition of Grendel's intentions and his actual fate: we see one of the much maligned anticipations operating to underpin the irony of the scene as a whole
- - - - 'no sound of the harp, no mirth in those courts'
    - - 'the riders sleep, mighty men gone down into the dark'
    - - 'dirge, a lamentable song'
      - 'sing a lay of sorrow'
    - - 'his son's dwelling the hall of feasting, the resting places swept by the wind robbed of laughter'
- - - - 'sings a lament'
        
        þonne on sealman
        
        verb: sealmian
        
        in sense to sing psalms
        
        in sense to praise god in/through music, rejoice
        
        Religious ecstatic undertones, sense of irony
        
        Use of the verb 'sealmian' to indicate singing, rather than the more common 'singan', which is potentially the more appropriate verb, may simply evidence of the poetic variation that came along with oral tradition highlight by McNamee, but it could also indicate an intentional ironic pathos given to the passage by the poet. The contradictory use of sealmian, which either describes the vivacious playing of a harp previously describe to be absent in the scene, or a singing of a joyful religious nature, to describe the actions of a nihilist grieving father seems cruelly ironic. This cruel irony, notably present in other key features of the poem: the irony of Grendel's last visit to Heorot, or the future doom of Heorot itself, can therefore be taken to indicate an genuine importance of the passage.
        
        in sense to play harp
      - reote
        
        reot: gladness
        
        reote berofene: to deprive of gladness
- - - - Old English synonyms + possible reasons for choosing those particular words
        
        Essay, quotes
        
        Sealmian vs Singan
        
        Use of the verb 'sealmian' to indicate singing, rather than the more common 'singan', which is potentially the more appropriate verb, may simply evidence of the poetic variation that came along with oral tradition highlighted by Brodeur, but it could also indicate an intentional ironic pathos given to the passage by the poet akin to the kind created by the use of 'sweg' as explored previously. The contradictory use of sealmian, which either akin to the lively playing of a harp described to be literally absent in the scene, or singing of a joyful religious nature, to describe the grief struck 'sorrow song' of a grieving father mired in nihilism seems cruelly ironic. This irony, notably present in other key features of the poem, such as the irony of Grendel's last visit to Heorot, or the future doom of Heorot itself, can therefore be taken to indicate an genuine importance of the passage.
    - - case for sound being an integral trope, overall case for silence
        
        Grendel & Heorot
        
        Battle Bugle
        
        Hie on weg hruron/ bitere ond geblolgne;/ bearhtm ongeaton,/ gud=-horn galan.
        
        'Away they rushed, revulsed and repulsed, in response to the reverberations, the incantations of the war-horn.'
        
        'it was like old times in the echoing hall,/ proud talk and the people happy,/ loud and excited;
        
        P=a waes eft swa aer/ inne on healle/ p=ryd=-word sprecen,/ d=eod on saelum,/ sige-folca sweg,/
        
        'And again like times before, in the hall was prideful talk, a joyous troop and the din of the victorious'
        
        dream gehyrde
        
        'enviously listened to joyous sounds'
        
        sound is the sin killer, it is the righteous herald of triumph, coveted and despised by the monstruous wretched of the world
  - - - 'The wisdom of age is worthless to him'
        
        'banquet hall bereft of all delight'
        
        everything seems too large, the steadings and the fields
        
        'the horsemen are sleeping,/the warriors under ground;'
        
        'Alone with his longing'
        
        no tunes from the harp, no cheer raised in ithe yard
      - Why are they different
        
        Does it matter?
    - - Tolkien
        
        No mirth in those courts
        
        Heaney: no cheer in the yard
        
        robbed of laughter
        
        Heaney bereft of all delight
        
        original: reote = joyous sound, berofene = deprived
      - Chickering
        
        No games in the courtyard
        
        Emptied of joy