Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Literature Review: Latin American clean cooking transition - Coggle Diagram
Literature Review: Latin American clean cooking transition
Background
97% of the population residing in urban areas have access to clean cooking technology and fuels.
74% of the population residing in rural areas has access to clean cooking technology and fuels.
90% of the population in Latin America has access to clean cooking technology and fuels
Learning from Latin America on Clean Cooking Transition
Steps taken to ovrcome the challenge of Affordability
End-user subsidies for cooking stoves, fuels since 1970s with variation in price points & delivery mechnism
The Case of Bolivia, Ecuador & El Salvador
Background
All 3 nations substantial subsidy (60-95%) of LPG cost
El Salvador 65% Universal LPG subsidy was put in place in 1974 and replaced in 2011, with a target subsidy of one 25 pound LPG cylinder per month/family covering almost 70% of population.
In all the three nations, more than 30% population resides in rural areas
Challenges faced
El Salvador in 2011 shifted subsidies from universal to targeted, and many households reverted back to polluting cooking stoves and fuel due to it.
Ecuador, high cost of LPG import.
Bolivia faced the challenge of lack of infrastructure to maintain a reliable distribution of LPG to remote & poorly connected areas.
Solutions
In El Salvador, in light of household shifting back to polluting cookstoves & fuels, the government adopted the policy to be more targeted by income group, resulting in immediate shift back to LPG usage among the poorest population.
In light of high cost of LPG import in Ecuador, Govt intervened in program to substitute local electricity for LPG in 2014
Bolivia developed a robust delivery mechanism involving the local population for the distribution of LPG, which also acted as the source of income for the community
Key Lessons on use of end-user subsidies to support transition to clean cooking
Urbanization is a driver of change, but the urban-rural gap in access to clean fuels for cooking is also
sensitive to fuel subsidy policies.
In some countries, the sustained practice of clean cooking is highly dependent on subsidies and very
sensitive to changes in policy and price.
Low-income countries may need sustained and focused development aid to overcome infrastructure
and resource constraints, particularly in the most remote areas.
Transitioning from LPG to electricity is complex, requiring investment in infrastructure and changes
in cooking practices.