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HAND INJURIES - Coggle Diagram
HAND INJURIES
CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
DEFINITION
MEDIAN NERVE YANG TERHIMPIT PADA CARPAL TUNNEL YANG MENYEBABKAN SAKIT DAN KEBAS DIPERGELANGAN TANGAN
ETIOLOGY
PENINGKATAN TEKANAN PADA CARPAL TUNNEL DAN HIMPITAN PADA MEDIAN NERVE
- OBESITY
- PREGNANCY
- FAKTOR GENETIK
- REPETITIVE WRIST MOVEMENT
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1) COMPRESSION PADA MEDIAN NERVE + PENINGKATAN PRESSURE PADA CARPAL TUNNEL
2) OBSTRUCTION OF VENOUS FLOW
3) PENINGKATAN LOCAL EDEMA
4) MENYEBABKAN MEDIAN NERVE INTRANEURAL MICROCIRCULATION
5) LESION OF MYELIN SHEATH & AXON
6) INFLAMED SURROUNDING CONNECTIVE TISSUE & FLEXOR TENDON
7) SENSORY FIBER AFFECTED
SIGN & SYMPTOMS
- NUMBNESS @ PAIN IN THE FINGER EXCEPT RING FINGER AND LTTLE FINGER
- WEAK THUMB
- ZERO GRIBBING
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De Quervains’ Syndrome
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ETIOLOGY
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REPATITIVE WRIST MOTION, THUMB RADIAL AND WRIST DEVIATION
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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THESE TENDON (APL N EPB) PASS THROUGH FIBROUS TUNNEL OVER RADIAL STYLOID AND UNDER THE TRANSVERSE FIBERS OF THE EXTENSOR RETINACULUM
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TRIGGER FINGER
DEFINITION
TENOSYNOVITIS OF THE FLEXOR SHEATS THAT TYPICALLY OCCUR IN THE 4TH FINGER AND THUMB AS A RESULT OF RESPETITIVE USE
ETIOLOGY
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Traumatic forced cause the tendon and its sheath to hypertrophy and constrict, making it difficult for the tendon to move freely inside of its sheath. This causes catching and locking
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
INFLAMMATION AND DAMAGE OF THE FLEXOR TENDON-SHEATH COMPLEX ARE CAUSED BY MICROTRAUMA WHICH CAN BE BROUGHT ON BY COMPRESSION PRESSURES OR REPETITIVE USAGE
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THE PATIENT FEELS THE TENDON LOCKING AS ARESULT OF INFLAMMATION , WHICH CAUSES THE TENDON TO STAY INSIDE ITS SHEATH OVERYTIME
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BUT BECAUSE OF THE INFLAMMATION , WHEN A PATIENT TRIES TO EXTEND THEIR FINGERS, THEY LOCK BECAUSE THE FLEXOR TENDON BECOMES CAUGHT IN THE FLEXOR SHEATH
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CLASSIFICATION
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GRADE 3 : DEMONSTRABLE LOCKING, REQUIRING PASSIVE EXTENSION
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
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SURGICAL
Open release of the A1 pulley is considered the gold standard for surgical management of trigger finger.
COMPLICATIONS
Steroid injections may cause tissue atrophy, skin discoloration, hypopigmentation or even infection
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COMPLICATIONS
- MUSCLE WEAKNESS AROUND THE AFFECTED SITE
-INCREASE PAIN AROUND THE AFFECTED SITE
-STIFFNESS IN THE JOINT NEAR THE AFFECTED SITE
-NUMBNESS
-FEVER OR CHILLS
-DISCOLORATION OF FINGER
TENDON INJURY
FLEXOR TENDON INJURY
DEFINITION
FLEXOR TENDON INJURIES ARE TRAUMATIC INJURIES TOTHE FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS AND DIGITORUM POFUNDUS TENDONS THAT CAN BE CAUSED BY LACERATIONS OR TRAUMA
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