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Grammar Teaching, Language Model, Language Learning Theory, Individual…
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Language Model
Cognitive Model
language reflects minds , mind = computer, learning = abstract knowledge acquisition
Universal grammar, Chomsky, Grammar-Translation Method
Structural model
language = system of structurally related elements, language learning = mastery of these elements
Audiolingual, Situational, TPR
Functional Model
communicative competence, language teaching = categories of meaning and function (rather than grammar and structure)
Communicative, Competency-based, ESP
Interactional Model
language = tool for creation and maintenance of social relations, using language = focus on conveying and receiving authentic messages
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Sociocultural Model
social context is central, social interaction, learners' needs, custom and beliefs
Task-based, Content-based, Cooperative
Genre Model
Functional model in different areas of human activity such as science, literature, medicine, texts are units of discourse
Halliday, Text-based, content based, ESP
Lexical Model
lexis and lexical chunks are central, vocab and grammar are related, corpus studies
Lexical, Content-based, CLIL
Language Learning Theory
Behaviorism
habit formation, repetition and reinforcement, specific stimuli-specific response
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Constructivism
Internal construction of meaning, growth is personal, student-centered, students = question and interpretation, teachers = guide and facilitator
Communicative, Cooperative, WHole language, community
Sociocultural
= interaction + constructivism, dialogue between learner and a knowledgable person, SCAFFOLDING
CLIL, text-based, task-based
Cognitive-code learning
cognitive processing and mental effort, grammatical rules (deductive and inductive) and meaningful practice
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Skill learning
set of behaviors learned through practice, = hierarchy of skills, controlled to automatic processing
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Interaction theory
interactive process -> mutual understanding, negotiation of meaning, modification of input learners receive from more advanced ones
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