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Scientific Management [Taylorism], REFERENCES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - A standard time is fixed for completing the work
      - A bonus ranging from 25% to 50% is paid for completing the task in less than standard time
      - A worker taking standard or more time gets wages on hourly rate
  - - - Scientific selection of employees
      - Workers work, managers manage
      - Division of labour and scientific design of work
      - Workers and managers co-operate
  - - - Focus on the incremental study of motions and time
      - Reduce the number of motions in a task
      - Increase efficiency to increase profit and worker satisfaction
    - - Establish standard operating procedures
      - Ask employees for their input
      - Rearrange workspaces
- - - - Critiques and Modifications
      - Integration with Contemporary Management Practices
      - Expansion of Concepts
      - Technology and Digital Transformation
      - Emergence of Principles
  - - - systematic, adjustive, human contribution, employee wellbeing = scientifically controlled, bureucratic, adminstrative + motivation, support, workplace socialization, employee benefits
- - - - 3 main concepts (Kimball, 2010)
        
        motivation
        
        human behaviour
        
        leadership and communication
        
        use to
        
        enrich healthy relationships, effective communication, collaborative decision-making, empowerment for employees
      - focuses on the human aspect of management and emphasizes the importance of understanding and motivating employees
    - - comparison between scientific management and modern management (Uddin and Hossain, 2015)
        
        scientific management
        
        Effective and formulated procedure followed in order to complete
        a project
        
        Main focus is the accomplishment of task with fixed and pre-
        defined effort for maximum output
        
        Introduced through scientific experiment
        
        Master and sub-ordinate relationship where managers set
        standard rules and objectives for employees
        
        modern management
        
        Controlled way of process planning, organizing, monitoring,
        coordinating and commanding with additional steps of amendment
        
        Evolved through scientific management with adjustments
        
        Main focus is the long term functional output together with
        employees productivity increase
        
        Conductive and monitored work environment within the organization where different levels of employee feedbacks are considered and analyzed as a part of product road map set up
      - builds upon the principles of scientific management
    - - 3 main concepts (villanovau, 2022)
        
        specialization and division of labour
        
        incentives
        
        Hierarchical Structure
    - - In the Classical approach people were treated as machine and money was used as motivation. Production was given more priority with labour and money. Classical management theory is based on the belief that workers only have physical and economic needs.
      - Behavioural approach starts treating people as resources rather than machines. It started understanding people needs, thinking and how to get maximum production from people.
      - Modern management is situation based. Decision is taken based on situation and human are treated as resources. This approach is an improvement upon both the classical and neo-classical/behavioural approach to management.
- - - - specialized training of staffs and division of labour
        
        example
        
        employees are assigned to carry out different tasks such as food preparing, food serving, order taking, cleaning
      - developed a uniform method
        
        to
        
        each worker to perform their individual job
      - competitive wage and promotion programs
        
        to
        
        recognize and reward the hard work
      - technology intergration
        
        to
        
        enhance the productivity, efficiency and accuracy
        
        example
        
        self-ordering kiosks and mobile apps enable customers to place their orders seamlessly, reducing waiting times and improving order accuracy.
    - - use standardized processes for
        
        coffee brewing, coffee preparation, customer services
        
        continuous developments improvements on customer feedback, evaluate the processes and make changes if needed
        
        time and motion studies
        
        application
        
        find best efficient way to make beverages and to manage peek hours by improving service speed and handling customers
  - - - example
        
        replaces the human capital with robots(Carleton, 2021)
    - - jobs are assigned due to specialized areas of employees