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Chapter 2 - Beyond Repeat After Me - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 2 - Beyond Repeat After Me
Phonology - the study of speech sounds in language - the sounds themselves, how they are produced, and how they work together as a system in a particular language
letters are not sounds
phonemes: the distinctive sounds of a language, the sounds that a native speaker of the language considers to be a separate sound (every language has its own set of phonemes)
allophones: variations of a phoneme that are still heard to be the same sound: physically different but function as the same sound aka. shades
Types of Variation Among Allophones
free variation: can use either one without sounding odd
environment of a phoneme - the sounds around it, determines which allophone is used
be careful to avoid teaching students that a sound in a new language is the same as a sound in their own language
Phonic differences & similarities in languages
consonants & vowels
minimal pairs, similar sounds
Phonemic alphabet, set of symbols that represent the sounds of the language (one symbol represents one phoneme)
phonemic symbols, help teachers and students, record and interpret age pronunciation of new words accurately
IPA: a system of symbols developed in the 1800s to try to represent all the sounds that are used in human languages
Segmental & Suprasegmental Features: rhythm, intonation, word stress, connected speech, suprasegmental features of pronunciation suprasegmentals, segmental features of pronunciation or segmentals
syllables: rhythmic unit in speech
Varities of English
varieties & dialects
models of pronunciation: Standard American English
Received Pronunciation (RP)
Pronunciation Rules
rules in English are a description or summary of what people already do naturally when they speak, they exist in the speaker's mind,
descriptive not prescriptive rules
Language is Messy
sound system of English is changing
sounds and other variations in language vary depending on the speaker and other similar factors