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Anime & Local/Global Identity, Anime & Global Cultural Identity -…
Anime & Local/Global Identity
The Development of Anime In Japan (1)
Anime as a significant force in contemporary Japanese media.
1980s as an important player, 40% of studio releases in 1988 were animated
Animation's rise as inverse to Japanese film history's decline
Astro Boy (1963 release)
Link between television & Japanese animation in terms of anime's narrative structure and overall style
Weekly television gave rise to certain narrative structures, most notably serial plots
Connection with manga reinforced serial quality
By end of 1990s, anime = an important element of Japan's contemporary culture
Anime as a cultural form that deserves intellectual explication
Anime & Japan's Cultural Heritage (2)
Japan's distinctive cultural heritage + certain key economic realities of art and commerce in late 20th century as reasons for animation's powerful hold on Japanese popular culture
Cultural reasons behind anime's popularity
Relationship between anime and 20th century Japanese culture of manga
Manga's popularity attributed to:
Variety of subject matter
Wide range means virtually everyone reads them
Visual Style
Many anime based on stories from manga
Link to Edo and Meiji period with visual art forms and themes
Anime & Japanese Cultural Identity
Japan is the only non-Western nation that can be considered succesfully modernized by a Western point of view; influence to other developing nations in the 1960s and 1970s
Complex cultural background, as well as factors specific to the 20th century expressed in anime works
Deeply apocalyptic audiovisual texts as a symbol of the society's anxieties for the future
Alienation of urbanized societies, generational gap and changing gender roles
Economic problems, collapse of stock market in 1989
While anime has received a great amount of influence from outside of Japan, it still remains a product of the combination of the circumstances that created the culture of modern Japan
Three significant modes in anime: apocalypse, festival and elegiac
Apocalypse: links violent apocalyptic tropes with intense psychoanalytical probing into dysfunctional psyches; "pathological apocalypse"
Festival: offers a vision of social and familial disorder; play off of the stereotypical notions of the Japanese. Often linked to female characters
Elegiac: Often linked with feelings of melancholy and nostalgia, transience and the concept of
mono no aware
("the sadness of things"), usually including a sense of mourning; less central to anime in comparison with the apocalypse and festival modes
Anime as not a simple escape valve, or a reflection of social issues of the Japanese
A cinema of "de-assurance" rather than one of "reassurance"
Anime = celebrating the difference Japan and non-Japan + transcending it
Artistic space that remains informed and enriched by modes of representation that are both culturally traditional and representative of the universal properties of the human imagination
Anime's participation in global culture is likely to be one of the reasons for its strong impact and prevalence in Japanese culture.
Anime's "differentness" as an appealing point; "exociticism" to the West and Techno-Orientalism
Consumer hybridity and "postethnic" identities
Space for identity exploration
Japanese and Western consumers are opening up to an international entertainment culture, thus creating the need to approach media cultures as "zones" and "intersections
Anime is both influenced by and an influence to Western cultural products. Susan Pointon talks about "cross pollination" and cultural borrowing; Most anime creators were exposed to Western influences at an early age
Anime as a transnational product, often regarded as "stateless"
Cultural specifity can relate to genre
Anime works' level of representation of various aspects of Japanese culture can vary among each other but it is likely that every piece of work will contain some reference to Japan
Anime as "another world" that diverges from traditional Japanese cultural products and the distancing of its authors from the idea of
furusato
Anime & Global Cultural Identity