CHAPTER 4: DIVERSITY

What is diversity?

Race
Ethnicity & Culture
Nationality
Religion
Socio-Economic Status



What are races & ethnicities ?

Develop different preferences, resulting in different choices and hence different life experiences / different lifestyles.


Food
ex. Fish head curry (fusion of Chinese and Indian)
Peranakan Cuisine (fusion of Malay and Chinese)

What is nationality ?

Ethnicities in SG
74% Chinese
13% Malay
9% Indian
3% Others

Religions in SG
Islam
Christianity
Taoism
Buddhism
Hinduism etc

Official Languages
English (Primary)
Mandarin (China)
Malay (Malaysia)
Tamil (India)

Students are required to learn English and one other official language to preserve their "Mother Tongue" and Culture

80% of people live in Govt housing blocks, each blocks has ethnic quotas to prevent ghettos and force integrations
There are strict laws against hate speech regarding race or religion

Race

Ethnicities

Motive categorization based on physical appearance

Part of a person's heritage or ancestry

Nationalities in SG:
French, Australians, Americans, Koreans, Tanzanians, Chinese nationals, Indian nationals and more...

A common set of traditions, common practices, a common language, and live together in a particular geographical area

How do nationalities contribute to diversity ?

Being from different countries often mean that we have very different habits and mindsets. Sometimes, the way we do things differ since we are from different countries and national cultures. These different habits to influence our choices we make in our daily lives

What is religion ?

Refers to an organised collection of attitudes, beliefs, practices, world views and often, worship of a single or multiple gods. The religion that individuals believe in may be determined by birth or by choice.

How do religions contribute to the diversity in SG ?
Most religions embody a set of shared core beliefs and practices. Believers keep to these beliefs and practices regardless of their nationality and ethnicity. These beliefs and practices would then shape the way we interact with others, the choices we make and our thinking

What is Socio-Economic Status ?

Lives of the higher SES in SG:

  • living in penthouses
  • spending time at MBS (casinos, food)
  • 1880
  • Lavish lifestyles

Perspective of the lower SES in SG:

  • Afraid of judgement by other people about their/family members jobs, have to lie about the occupations
  • Being blamed for everything
  • Invisible in society
  • Missing out on being able to buy in bulk, on discounts, and on cashbacks

How does being in different SES lead to diversity ?
The SES of an individual may shape one's life experiences as it affects the choice of housing, food, entertainment and activities. This then influences the circle of friends that one interacts with, and the lifestyles led bye people

Income gap in SG:

  • When we have different SES, it results in an income gap. And as the gap widens over time, income inequality exists in Singapore
  • This inequality is measured by Gini coefficient, and for Singapore, it is 0.375 as of 2020. Countries with higher unequal distribution of income will have Gini coefficients closer to 1

SES refers to the economic situation shared by a group of people
Some determinants of SES are occupation, education, income and ownership of wealth

  • Occupations - Blue collard vs White collard
  • Educations - Qualifications obtained at Primary school, secondary school, tertiary institutions
  • Income - High incomes, middle incomes, low incomes
  • Wealth - Cash, properties, investments