Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Development, Synchrony, Social Referencing, Attachments, puberty, self…

- - - - Early Childhood
        
        Middle Childhood
        
        Adolescence
        
        Emerging Adulthood
        
        Adulthood
        
        Late Adulthood
        
        17 more items...
        
        Senescence: the process of aging begins in adulthood
        
        skin and hair are the first visual changes occurring due to age
        
        body starts changing shape by age 25
        
        menopause: usually around age 50 when menstrual period stops and hormone levels change
        
        Analytic Intelligence
        
        1 more item...
        
        Creative Intelligence
        
        1 more item...
        
        Practical Intelligence
        
        1 more item...
        
        Erikson's stages of adulthood
        
        1 more item...
        
        Maslow's Theory of Personality
        
        1 more item...
        
        The Big 5
        
        1 more item...
        
        intrinsic and extrinsic rewards of work
        
        happiness in marriage tends to dip when children reach puberty and rise when kids move out
        
        prime period for high energy, hard physical work, and safe reproduction
        
        homeostasis and allostasis balance and adjustment of bodily systems that occur immediately and overtime
        
        organ reserve allows the body to cope with stress but decreases each year of adulthood
        
        peak appearance is reached along with the most effort to maintain or attain it than other adults
        
        postformal thought: more practical, flexible, and dialectical
        
        dialectical thought: most advanced cognitive process; ability to combine contradictions into a comprehensive whole
        
        less abstract and more life practices
        
        Defining Issues Test: measures morality development by ranking solutions to moral dilemmas
        
        education benefits health and wealth
        
        identity achievement usually obtained by age 25
        
        ethnic identity
        
        vocational identity
        
        personality is often carried over from adolescence, but not static
        
        intimacy vs isolation: seeking someone to share a life with to avoid isolation
        
        romantic, passionate love
        
        hookup culture and choice overload
        
        relationships with parents depend on who supports whom (parents supporting adult, adult supporting child, or family closeness without dependency)
        
        have more friends than other adults but also more lonely
        
        adults transplanted back home after loss of a job are more depressed than those who never left home planning to move soon
        
        Brain growth
        
        prefrontal cortex (logic) grows steadily
        
        limbic system (emotions) grows dramatically
        
        Body growth
        
        increased body fat, weight, height and muscles
        
        sexual maturation
        
        primary sex characteristics
        
        secondary sex charcteristics
        
        formal operational thought
        
        final stage of cognitive development; more logical thinking
        
        ability to understand and systematically manipulate abstract concepts
        
        dual processing
        
        Identity
        
        religious
        
        political
        
        1 more item...
        
        Family
        
        close relationships with parents, siblings, and others influence behavior
        
        Peers
        
        encouraged to dress and act like one's peers which can lead to positive or negative outcomes
        
        Sadness and depression
        
        major depressive disorder can occur during adolescence
        
        suicide and parasuicide
        
        anger
        
        Delinquency and Defiance
        
        acting out, breaking the law, defying authority (politically, in school, or parents)
        
        adolescent-limited offenders versus life-course-persistent offender
        
        need for movement for brain-body connections
        
        gross motor skills
        
        outside play is correlated to brain growth and higher reading scores
        
        fine motor skills
        
        impulse control, eye control, finger dexterity all focused on in school
        
        boys tend to develop gross motor skills earlier while girls develop fine motor skills
        
        artistic expression and ability to play musical instruments
        
        concrete operational thought
        
        new ability to reason logically about experiences and perceptions
        
        classification: organizing things into groups according to common characteristics
        
        understanding sequencing/ seriation
        
        learning math
        
        cultural significance of school
        
        guided participation
        
        by age 12, abstract concepts and comprehension focused vocabulary
        
        psychosocial maturation within family and peer groups
        
        voice preferences about after school care, lessons, activities
        
        begin to conform and dress and act like peers :
        
        strive for independence from parents
        
        responsible for pets, younger siblings, and more
        
        friendships become strong and help each other learn
        
        self-concept
        
        social comparison to peers
        
        resilience to stress as stress cumulates over time
        
        family provides harmony and stability- if not then stress and coping
        
        poverty and family conflict have long term negative impact on children
        
        bullying in peer groups affects impaired social understanding, lower school achievement, and relationship difficulties
        
        child culture
        
        defend your friends
        
        don't tell parents
        
        conform to peer standards
        
        empathy
        
        more socially perceptive
        
        ability to recognize the basic humanity in people
        
        education
        
        preconventional moral reasoning
        
        conventional moral reasoning
        
        postconventional moral reasoning
        
        Body Growth by age 6
        
        lean, adult like proportions
        
        at least 3.5 ft tall and weigh between 40-50 lbs
        
        oral health: affected by nutrition and illness
        
        Brain Growth
        
        Myelination: leads to increased brain weight; speeds transmission of nerve impulses
        
        link between left and right of brain: corpus callosum
        
        prefrontal cortex maturation helps regulate emotions, sleep, and impulse control
        
        Motor Skills
        
        Gross
        
        better coordination and balance to allow for many new physical activities
        
        Fine
        
        drastic improvement best seen in self-feeding
        
        Thinking
        
        executive function
        
        preoperational thought: Piaget Theory
        
        language and imagination including symbolism. Without logic
        
        Piaget: Preoperational thought
        
        symbolic thought and animism.
        
        lack of logic
        
        egocentrism
        
        1 more item...
        
        social learning theory: Vygotsky
        
        thinking is shaped by other people
        
        Vygotsky: Social Learning
        
        guided participation from mentors
        
        scaffolding: temporary support to aid in mastering new tasks
        
        overimitation
        
        language as a tool: social mediation and private speech
        
        Language
        
        about 500 words (age 2) to about 10,000 words (age 6)
        
        fast mapping: placing new meanings in perceived categories dependent on limited knowledge and lack of logic
        
        emotional regulation
        
        maturation, culture, and learning
        
        self-concept
        
        Motivation
        
        intrinsic vs extrinsic
        
        playmates
        
        beginning of playing with peers
        
        play
        
        solitary pretend play
        
        screen time
        
        social play
        
        rough and tumble
        
        sociodramtic
        
        parents
        
        authoritarian
        
        permissive
        
        authoritative
        
        neglectful
      - Body
        
        Weight on average triples in the first year
        
        height on average increases by 10 in. by age one
      - Brain
        
        twice as large by age 1, three times as large by age 2
        
        hormones such as cortisol and oxytocin from mother affect infant's brain development
      - Speech
        
        reflexive
        
        meaningful noises
        
        new sounds (growls, trills, vowels)
        
        babbling and vowels in repeated syllables
        
        speechlike annotations and signing
        
        1 more item...
        
        Theory of being taught (Behavorism)
        
        Social Impulses Theory
      - Memory
        
        implicit memory emerges by 3 months
        
        information processing theory (programmed for cognition)
        
        evolutionary theory (attend to means of survival and adaptability)
      - Sensorimotor Intelligence
        
        Primary Circular Reactions
        
        reflexes and adaptations
        
        responses to own body
        
        Secondary Circular Reactions
        
        responses to objects and people
        
        Teritary Circular Reactions
        
        active exploration and experimentation
      - Self-Awareness
        
        begins between 15-24 months
        
        ability to recognize oneself as a separate entity from others
      - Motor Skills
        
        Gross
        
        sitting unsupported
        
        stands holding on
        
        crawls
        
        stands not holding
        
        walking
        
        1 more item...
        
        Fine
        
        grasps rattle when placed in hand
        
        reaches to hold an object
        
        thumb and finger grasp
        
        stacks 2 blocks
        
        1 more item...
      - Emotions
        
        socail smile and laughing
        
        anger and sadness differentiation by 6 months
        
        fear (separation anxiety and stranger wariness)
  - - - Cognitive
        
        Social
        
        Emotional
        
        Moral
- - - - Intuitive thought versus analytic thought
    - - Arenas of Identity Formation