Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Microbiology - Coggle Diagram
Microbiology
study of
Microorganisms/Microbes
include:
Cellular/Living
Prokaryotes
Archaea
Extremophiles
Salt Flats
Hot Springs
Acidic environments (Acidophiles)
Bacteria
only few are disease-causing
Pathogenic
many are beneficial
no membrane bound Nucleus
no membrane bound organelles
do contain ribosomes
Eukaryotes
Protists
Helminths
some may not be microscopic their whole life cycle
Fungi
w/ Nucleus
Not-Microorganisms:
Plants
Animals
Noncellular/Nonliving
Viruses
Prions
Beneficial
100 trillion in our body (~7 lbs worth)
less exposure in our society causing more allergies
Amish have better Immune System as they have more exposure
Food Production
Making Medications
Breaking down envir. hazrds
Harmful
microbes that cause disease
Pathogens
about 1,400 pathogens known to infect
<1% microbes are pathogenic
Opportunistic Pathogen
cause disease only in a weakened (susceptible) host
HIV
Cancer patients
Malnourished
Elderly
Children
Bone Marrow/Organ Transplants
True Pathogens
causes disease in all exposed individuals
History
Greeks thought of diseases to come from air (Puma)
Robert Hooke (1600s) develops microscope - describes cells
Antonie van Leeurwenhoek (1632-1723) refined microscopes, first to see bacteria
Big Debate in Science:
Spontaneous Generation
life comes from nonliving items
Francesco Redi (1627-1697) did meat in jar experiment on maggots - found that rotting meat 'gave rise' to maggots
Biogenesis
idea that life emerges from existing life
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) - said air contained microbes, disproved spontaneous generation theory with a flask of yeast experiment
Biogenesis won out
Robert Koch developed technique to determine specific etiological agent of disease
Etiological Agent
causative agent of disease
we probably will never have complete catalog of all etiological agents since
new diseases emerge
microbes evolve new pathogenic capabilities
only ~2% of bacteria can be cultured in laboratory
studied Anthrax which allowed him to determine if it is etiological agent. this developed:
Koch's Postulates
same organism must be present in every case of disease but not in any case of healthy individuals
1 more item...
1800s-1900s, aseptic techniques developed
Ignaz Semmelweis
reccomended handwashing to decrease mortality rates from childbed fever
Joseph Lister
investigate processes for aseptic surgery, proved sterilizing instruments and sanitizing wounds prevented pus formation
Florence Nightingale
established aseptic techniques in nursing
founder of modern nursing
prevent
Healthcare-Acquired Infections (HAIs)
1870s, Bacteria classified based on
Morphology
shape
5 more items...
size
arrangement
3 more items...
Nomenclature
1 more item...
1920s - Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
1950s - sequencing genomes impacted classification systems
Biology