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Present Simple - Coggle Diagram
Present Simple
Subject Pronouns
I
You
He
She
It (things, animals, time, weather, place, situation)
we
you (vosotros/as, usted, ustedes)
they
They are placed before the verb
We always add a subject to our sentence.
⚠️ Exception: Imperatives (
Shut up!, calm down
!)
99.9% verbs
Affirmative Sentences
👍
3rd person singular (he/she/it)
Form
-o, -ss, -sh, -ch, -zz, -x → + es /
She goes
/
She kisses
(/iz/)
consonant + y → ies /
to cry - He cries
/ She plays / She enjoys
+s /
He drinks
Pronunciation 👄
/z/ 🐝
/m/, /n/, /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /ð/, /w/, /r/, /l/, + vowel sounds
He swims /m/, He learns /n/, He disturbs /b/, He depends /d/, He brings /g/, He loves /v/, He breathes /ð/, He knows /w/, He repairs /r/, He controls /l/, He cries (vowel sound)
/s/
/p/, /t/, /k/, /f/
She hopes /p/, She starts /t/, She makes /k/, She surfs /f/
/iz/ 🐝
/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/, /ks/
She practises /s/, She loses /z/, She washes /ʃ/, She watches /tʃ/, She judges /dʒ/, She relaxes /ks/
Subject + Verb base form (I/you/they/we) +... →
I drink coffee
Negative sentences
👎
I /we / you / they + do not / don't + base form verb →
I don't drink coffee
He / she / it + does not / doesn't + base form verb →
She doesn't drink coffee
Interrogative sentences
❓
Yes / No questions:
Do + subject (I / we / you / they) + base form verb...? →
Do you like Beyonce?
Does + subject (he / she / it) + base form verb...? →
Does she like Beyonce?
Answers
Short
Yes, I do / Yes, she does
No, I do not / don't // No, she does not / doesn't
Long
Yes, I like Beyonce 👍 correct
Yes, I like 👎 not correct
Wh-questions
Wh-words:
What / Which (options) / When / Where / How / How many (countable nouns) / How much (uncountable nouns) / How often
Wh-word + do/does + subject + base form verb →
What do you drink in the morning?
Auxiliary Verbs:
do/does
To be
Affirmative Sentences
👍
I am / I'm
You are / You're
He / she / it is // He's / She's / It's
We are / We're
You are / You're
They are / They're
Negative sentences
👎
Long / Short forms
I am not / I'm not
You are not / You're not / You aren't
He / She / It is not // He's not... // He isn't...
We are not / We're not / We aren't
You are not / You're not / You aren't
They are not / They're not / They aren't
Interrogative sentences
❓
Am I...?
Are you...?
Is he / she / it...?
Are we...?
Are you...?
Are they...?
Short answers
Yes, I am / Yes, she is
No, I'm not / No, she is not / No, she's not / No, she isn't
"Ser o estar" / No auxiliary verb! ⚠️
Have got
Affirmative Sentences
👍
I have got / I've got
You have got / You've got
He / She / It has got // He's got...
We have got / We've got
You have got / You've got
They have got / They've got
Negative sentences
👎
I / We / You / They haven't got
He / She / It hasn't got
Interrogative sentences
❓
Have I / we / you / they got...?
Has he / she / it got...?
Short Answers
Yes, I have / Yes, She has
No, I haven't / No, she hasn't
'Tener' / No auxiliary verb! ⚠️
Use
Habits in the present →
I have porridge and a cup of tea for breakfast
Permanent facts →
The Beatles come from Liverpool
Scheduled events →
My train leaves tomorrow at 8 am
Time
Time expressions (
at the end of the sentence
⚠️ )
every +
singular
noun →
every hour / day / week / month / year / Monday...
(all day)
on + days of the week (in capital letters) →
On Monday / Tuesday...
in + months (in capital letters) →
In January / February...
in + years / seasons →
in 2023 / in winter...
once/twice/three times... a + singular noun →
once a day / twice a week / three times a day...
every + number +
plural
noun →
every two hours / years
...
at + time →
at 7 o'clock
Example:
I study in the morning
in the morning /afternoon / evening //
at
night
//
at
noon / midnight
Frequency Adverbs
(+)
always / often / sometimes / rarely / never
(-)
99% Verbs (
where to place them
⚠️ )
(+)
I
always
do yo in the morning
(-)
I don't
always
do yoga in the afternoon
(?)
Do you
always
do yoga in the evening?
Elisa Pitti Sicilia - 26.0223 Inglés. Preparación para Certificación B1
