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Research on Special Education: ADHD and ASD, Description: - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Inclusive education aims to promote equal participation and interactions of students with and without disabilities. Educational institutions provide a supportive and inclusive environment for students, including those with ASD.
    - - Special eduation coordinators and teachers offer special education needs support to students with ASD. This support may include specialized education programs, individualized accommodations and modifications, assistive technology, and support from professionals such as school psychologists and counselors. Special schools, integrated education schools, and ordinary schools are equipped with different support facilities to cater to the different needs of students with ASD.
        IEPs are required for individual students with ASD, which outline specific accommodations, modifications, and interventions to support their learning and development. The IEP is reviewed periodically to ensure that the support is meeting the student's needs.
    - - Some organizations, such as Shall We Talk, provide rehabilitation services and educational placements for children diagnosed with ASD.
    - - Speech and language therapy can help students with ASD improve their communication and language skills, as well as address difficulties in auditory processing, speech articulation, and social communication.
    - - Some schools offer social skills training and counseling to help students with ASD develop interpersonal and emotional regulation skills. This includes peer groups and one-on-one social skills training programs.
    - - Educational institutions may provide training and professional development opportunities for teachers to help support students with ASD in the classroom.
  - - - IDEA is a federal law in the United States that requires schools to provide a free and appropriate public education for all children with disabilities, including those with ASD. Under IDEA, students with ASD are entitled to an individualized education plan (IEP) that outlines their specific needs and accommodations in the classroom.
    - - ADA is a federal law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities, including those with ASD, in employment, housing, and public accommodations. The ADA requires that public schools provide reasonable accommodations for students with disabilities, including ASD.
    - - ESSA is a federal education law that replaced No Child Left Behind and includes provisions for the education of students with disabilities, including ASD. ESSA requires schools to provide teacher training on evidence-based practices for students with disabilities, including those with ASD.
    - - Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is another federal law that protects the rights of individuals with disabilities. It prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities by federally funded programs and requires reasonable accommodations to be made for eligible students to ensure they have access to the same opportunities as non-disabled students.
- - - - Difficulty paying attention to details and sustaining focus on tasks
      - Trouble organizing tasks and activities
      - Being forgetful, losing things necessary for tasks or activities
      - Fidgeting, squirming, or constantly moving
      - Talking excessively and interrupting others
      - Impatience and difficulty waiting for their turn
      - Impulsivity, such as acting without thinking
  - - - Early Observations (19th Century)- Various terms to refer to these behaviors, such as "defect of moral control" and "minimal brain dysfunction."
      - Hyperkinetic Reaction of Childhood (1960s) - "hyperkinetic reaction of childhood" A precursor to our modern understanding of ADHD.
      - Recognition of Inattention (1970s) - concept of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), which focused primarily on attention difficulties.
      - Introduction of ADHD (1980s) -DSM-III - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADDH) and Attention Deficit Disorder without Hyperactivity (ADD).
      - Refinement of Diagnostic Criteria (1990s) -The term "ADD" was dropped, and ADHD became the official term.
      - Continued Research and Awareness - Since the 1990s, there has been ongoing research into the causes, risk factors, and treatment of ADHD.
  - - - Inclusive Education
        
        Understanding and awareness
        
        Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)
        
        Differentiated instruction
        
        Structured and predictable environment
        
        Multisensory learning
        
        Positive behavior management
        
        Collaboration and support
        
        Assistive technology
        
        Peer support and social skills development:
        
        Professional development:
        
        Special Education Needs Support and IEPs
        
        Identification and Assessment
        
        Individualized Education Program (IEP)
        
        Accommodations and Modifications
        
        Behavioral Supports
        
        Specialized Instruction
        
        Collaboration and Communication
        
        Transition Planning
        
        IEPs often include transition planning for students with ADHD who are approaching significant educational milestones, such as moving from one grade level to another or transitioning from school to post-secondary education or employment. Transition planning ensures a smooth transition and helps students develop the necessary skills and supports for their future endeavors.
    - - Rehabilitation services and educational placement
        
        Rehabilitation services and educational placement options for individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can provide additional support and specialized interventions to address their specific needs.
    - - Speech and Language Therapy (SLT) can be a valuable intervention for individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), particularly when there are co-occurring speech, language, or social communication difficulties.
    - - Most effective when it is integrated into a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses the broader needs of students with ADHD.
- - - - Eligibility
      - Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
      - Individualized Education Program (IEP)
      - Accommodations and Modifications
      - Related Services
      - Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
      - Procedural Safeguards
  - - - Nondiscrimination
        
        Evaluation and Determination of Eligibility
        
        Reasonable Accommodations
        
        Individualized Accommodation Plans
        
        Procedural Safeguards
      - Schools cannot deny admission, access to programs, or other benefits solely based on a student's ADHD.