Altered elimination
Altered Urinary Elimination
Altered Bowel Elimination
Alteration in urinary motility
Alteration in urinary neuromuscular functions
Altered in urinary perfusion
Alteration in urinary patency
Caused by increased sodium concentration, low pH, and precipitation of urinary fluid.
fail to provide an appropriate stumulus from nerve impulse
result in limited or absent ability to eliminate urine
blockage of essential renal structures
may result in glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis, phyelonephritis.
Decreased oxygen delivery by the arterial blood supply
may result in decreased perfusion
blockage of structures
stasis of filtrate in the renal tubules or stasis of urine in the bladder
caused by ischemia, precipitation, and impaired perfusion.
increased pressure
may cause hydronephrosis and renal failure.
Urinary Incontinence
Alteration in Bowel Motility
Alteration in Bowel Neuromuscular Function
Alteration in Bowel Perfusion
Alteration in Bowel Patency
increased bowel motility
may impair nutrition, fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Decreased bowel motility
composition of forms of bacteria
result in Diarrhea or constipation
enhanced loss of fluid from fecal matter
Result from alteration in neural signal transduction and muscle reponsiveness
loss of propulsive activity, side effect of analgesia
reduced activity
more water is removed and stool becomes harder
Obstructed blood flow and ischemia
Erosion of blood vessles
Ventilation/Perfusion mismatch
inflammatory response, followed by infection
Space-occupying lesion from tumors, polyps, or impacted feces.
Develop edema of large intestine wall
reducing absorptive capacity
fluid is forced through bowel wall into peritonium
may result in perforation.
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Functional Fecal Incontinence
Diverticular Disease
Urolithiasis
Caused by
Dietary factors(high oxalate, high protein, high sodium, and low fluid
stasis from urinary filtrate
Elevated urinary levels of calculi-forming substances
All the causation of urinary stone may promote development of calculi
result in obstruction of narrow lumen structures.
Treatment
Pharmacology(antispasmodic agents, calcium channel blocker, alpha blocker)
Surgical procedure
Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Ureteroscopic stone removal
Caused by
relaxation pelvic structure in women
Inability to voluntarily prevent the discharge of urine
mechanical obstruction because of prostate hyperplasia
Neurologic disease(parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis)
process of continence
Treatment
muscular contraction, neural transmission, hormonal stimulation, or mechanical factors
impair voiding
Bladder Training
Surgical procedure
MMK, TVT procedure
growth of fluid-filled cysts in kidney tissue
cysts of increasing size and number
Decreased renal blood flow, tubular cell damage, Glomerular damage
replace normal kidneys into pathologic forms like ESRD
caused by
Gene mutation
Treatment
Pharmacologic management
Hemodialysis
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
angiotensin receptor blocker
Process that characterize diverticular disease include decreased motility, obstruction, and impaired perfusion.
caused by
high pressure within the colon
weak areas of the colon
bulge out and form the sacs(diverticulum)
Treatment
Diet high fiber and low in fat
increase fluid intake
Bowel resection
inability control the bowel movement, resulting from involuntary soiling
caused by
feel sudden go to the toilet but inability to go to toilet in time
Treatment
solid foods, toileting program, and start of school attendance, stress associated with defecation
promoting soft stool to minimize discomfort
having scheduled time in the toilet and creating relaxation atmosphere.