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4.3: Understanding prototypes - Coggle Diagram

- - - - but in the object's prototype
        
        and any ancestors of the prototype
        
        known as the prototype chain
- - - - other properties or methods
      - and a prototype
  - - - Object.prototype
      - which has a null prototype itself
  - - - __proto__
      - or [[prototype]]
        
        in some browsers
- - - - in the prototype
    - - returns true
      - if the specified property
        
        is in the object
        
        or its prototype chain
  - - - in the prototype
    - - if the specified property
        
        is in the object
        
        as its own property
        
        NOT inherited
- - - - provides methods
        
        call
        
        apply
        
        bind
      - that allow you to change the value of this
        
        when a function is executed
        
        explicitly
      - and a constructor property
        
        which is used when the function is used as a constructor