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Thinking - Coggle Diagram
Thinking
Cognitive maps
internal representations of our physical environment
fairly accurate judgments of directions comprehending and spatial ability.
Nature of cognitive maps
Analog and propositional
Landmark and procedural knowledge
Survey knowledge
distortion by
Distance
Number of intervening cities
semantic categories
landmark vs non landmark
shape
angle
curve
symmetry heuristic
relative position
rotation heuristic
Alignment heuristic
Problem solving
Types of problems
Well-defined problems
Ill-defined problems
General methods of solution
Generate and test technique
Means-end analysis
Working backwards
Reasoning by analogy
Blocks to problem solving
Mental set
The water jar problem
The two string problem
The nine dot problem
The 6 matches problem
Lack of problem-specific knowledge
more perceptual info, recognize patterns & possibilities, and familiar with domain
excel in own domain
represent a problem at a deeper level
More time qualitatively analyzing
Check for errors in their thinking
Expertise by itself isn't always enough
Finding creative solutions
Insight
Change in frame of reference
Two types of explanations for creative insight
special cognitive processing
Unconsciousness processing and incubation
Result of normal cognition
everyday mechanisms
Directed remembering
Noticing
contrary recognition
Metacognition
monitoring and controlling of retrieval and inference processes in memory
Basic model
Meta-level
Object-level
Monitoring
What we already know
types
Prospective
Retrospective
Processes
Ease of learning (prospective)
Judgment of learning (prospective)
Feeling of knowing
Confidence judgements (retrospective)
Tip of the tongue phenomenon
Control
Learning strategies
Acquisition of memory
Allocation of amount of time given to study (ease of learning
Decision to terminate study (judgements of learning)
Search strategies (feeling of knowing)
election of search strategies
Termination of search
types of thinking
Focused
Unfocused
Decision making
Cognitive illusions
Heuristic
Availability
Representativeness
Gambler fallacy
Law of small numbers
used when task of estimating probability, frequency/numerosity
Framing effects
Hindsight bias