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Stylistics, Functional Styles of the English Language - Coggle Diagram
Stylistics
Phonetic expressive means and stylistic devices
Euphony
Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;
Onomatopoeia
ding-dong, buzz, bang, cuckoo, mew, ping-pong
Alliteration
Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortals ever dared tod ream before
Assonance
One’s upon a m i dnight drear y, while I pondered, weаk and weary
Rhyme
I bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers
Rhythm
Tell me not, in mournful numbers
Lexical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
Primary Dictionary and Contextually Imposed Meanings
Irony
It must be delightful to be fooled by a friend
Metonymy
you`ve drunk two glasses
Metaphor
the ray of hope
Logical and Nominal Meanings
Pun
My librarian is a great bookkeeper.
Polysemy
Dish (noun) - a kind of plate, a meal.
Zeugma
He had taken 3 weeks off and and a ticket to Moskow
Primary and Derivative Logical
Meanings
Antonomasia
"His Majesty" for a king
Logical and Emotive Meanings
Oxymoron
hot snow
Interjections and Exclamatory Words
Oh, but he was a tight-fisted hand at the grind-stone, Scrooge
Epithet
green youth, dark forest
Intensification of a Certain Feature of a Thing or Phenomenon
Euphemism
bun in the oven (pregnant), see a man about a horse (go to the bathroom)
Simile
Nutty as a fruitcake
Slept like a log
Periphrasis
(By William Shakespeare) “When that fell arrest Without all bail shall carry me away.
Hyperbole
This suitcase weighs a ton.
Peculiar Use of Set Expressions
Quotations
"Maidens, like moths, are ever caught by glare"
Proverbs and Saying
Many hands make light work
Decomposion of Set Phrases
"It was raining cats and dogs, and two kittens and a puppy landed on
my window-sill" (Chesterton)
Allusions
The dog it was that died (the Painted Veil)
Epigrams
Somerset Maugham in "The Razor's Edge" says:
"Art is triumphant when it can use convention as an instrument of its own purpose."
the Cliche
Even though she is 80 years old, she’s still sharp as a tack.
Graph-Phonetic Expressive means and Stylistic devices
Significant absence of a text fragment
Graphon
gonna, lemme
Lack of text segmentation
Text segmentation
Punctuation
Hello, my dear friend!
Syntactical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
Stylistic Use of Structural Meaning
Litotes
That's not a bad idea.
Rhetorical Questions
“What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet!” (Juliet, Romeo and Juliet)
Particular Use of Colloquial Constructions
Ellipsis
John saw two hawks in the sky, and Bill saw three
Break-in-the-Narrative (Aposiopesis)
You just come home or I'll...
Question-in-the-Narrative
How long must it go on? Now long must we suffer? Where is the end? What is the end? (Norris)
Represented Speech
You want your money back, I suppose," said George with a sneer.
the Composition of Spans Utterance Larger than the Sentence
Supra-Phrasal Units
The Paragraph
Compositional Patterns of Syntactical Arrangement
Anadiplosis
She opened a café, a café that ruined her financially
Stylistic Inversion
A good generous prayer it was
Detached Construction
Steyne rose up, grinding his teeth, pale, and with fury in his eyes
Parallel Construction
The seeds ye sow — another reaps,The robes ye weave—another wears,
Chiasmus
Down dropped the breeze, The sails dropped down
Repetition
I don't want to hear what
you've come for. I don't want to hear.
Enumeration
Scrooge was his sole executor, his sole administrator, his sole assign, his sole residuary legatee, his sole friend and his sole mourner
Suspense
poem "IF"
Climax (Gradation)
«It was a lovely city, a beautiful city, a fair city, a veritable gem of a city
Antithesis
A saint abroad, and a devil at home
Parenthesis
Billy’s grandma, for your information, happens to be ill in bed
Nominal Sentences
The little old house! A mausoleum!
Anaphora
You're damned if you do and you're damned if you don't
Epithora
I am exactly the man to be placed in a superior position in such a case as that. I am above the rest of mankind, in such a case as that
Particular Ways of Combining Parts of the Utterance (Linkage)
Polysyndeton
By the time he had got all the bottles and
dishes and knives and forks and glasses
Asyndeton
Soames turned away; he had an utter disinclination for talk like one standing before an open grave, watching a coffin slowly lowered.
The Gap-Sentence Link
It wasn’t his fault. It was yours. And mine
Graphic Expressive means and Stylistic devices
Graphic imagery
Tail tale (Alice in Wonderland)
Change of type
italics, bold type, h-y-p-h-e-n-a-t-i-o-n
Capital letters
Big Brother is Watching You
Stylistic classification of the English Vocabulary
Special Colloquial Vocabulary
Jargonisms
goblin mode
Professionalisms
outer=knockout blow,
script=prescription
Slang
bummer,crash
Dialectal Words
brass=money
Vulgar Words or Vulgarisms
I grabbed and told him so
Neutral Common Literary and Common Colloquial Vocabulary
go away, continue
special literary vocabulary
Terms
ACCESSORY
Phraseology and idioms
have other fish to fry, make ends
meet
Poetic and Highly Literary Words
glee, young-eyed
Archaic, Obsolescent and Obsolete Words
morrow
Colloquial Coinages
"Watching for a moment of weakness she wrenched it free; then placing the dining-table between them, said
between her teeth: You are the limit, Monty.
Barbarisms and Foreignisms
chic, chargin
Literary Coinages
I'm wifed in taxes and mother-in-lawed, and uncled, and aunted
Functional Styles of the English Language
The Belles-Letters Style
Emotive Prose
Language of the Drama
Language of Poetry
Publicistic Style
Oratory and Speeches
The Essay
Journalistic Articles
Newspaper Style
Brief News Items
Advertisements and Announcements
The Headlines
The Editorials
Scientific Prose Style
The Style of Official Documents