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Sporotrichosis - Coggle Diagram
Sporotrichosis
Prevention
Wound Care
Awareness and Education
Personal protective measures
Environmental control
Laboratory Investigations
Direct microscopic examination
Fungal culture
Molecular techniques
Serological tests
Management
Antifungal treatment
Wound Care and hygience
Follow up and monitoring
Management of complication
Clinical Manifestation
Pustules and ulcers with ascending lymphangitis
Nodules along draining lymphatics
Disseminated disease (in immunocompromised patients): pneumonia, meningitis
Pathogenesis
.
enters the body through direct inoculation of fungal spores into the skin.
The fungus proliferates locally at the site of entry, forming small nodules or papules.
spreads along the lymphatic vessels, causing a chain of nodules or ulcers known as ascending lymphangitis.
The immune response is triggered, leading to the formation of granulomas.
In rare cases, the infection can disseminate beyond the initial site, causing systemic sporotrichosis.
Pathogen
Sporothrix sp. : S. schenckii, S. brasiliensis, S. globosa, S. mexicana
fungus lives throughout the world in soil and on plant matter such as sphagnum moss, rose bushes, and hay
Epidemiology
.
a) Sporotrichosis occurs worldwide, with focal areas of hyperendemicity.
Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic mycosis predominant in tropical and subtropical regions.
Endemic countries with sporotrichosis are Africa (esp, Zimbabwe, South Africa) , Australia, Japan, China (esp, North china during winter) , India, America (esp, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Colombia) and Europe.
b) In Malaysia, interactions with cats is the predominant cause of sporotrichosis in humans.
Gender : Slightly more common in males than in females, presumably due to an increased exposure risk rather than to a difference in susceptibility.
Age : In developed nations it is most common among adults. However, in tropical regions and in areas of hyperendemicity, sporotrichosis may be more common in children and adolescents.