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Ocean shipping - Coggle Diagram
Ocean shipping
Rate Structure
impacted by carrier
commodity,
freight volume
destination points
ancillary services required
cost structure
provided liner or charter has a major influence on rate structures
Ocean Shipping Reform Act (OSRA)
expanded the ability of shippers to negotiate private
confidential service contracts with liner companies
total price for service
a basic rate
mandatory surcharges
extra services
Charter rates
negotiated based on the type of charter (voyage or time)
Definition
Essential resource in global supply chains
Diverse industry with a variety of service options
Equipment Types
Five general groups
Roll-on/roll-off
created to move wheeled vehicles such as
trucks
farm equipment
cars
construction equipment that can be driven on and off the vessel
the height of the decks can be adjusted to accommodate different sizes of rolling cargo
The interior of the ship has many decks to store the cargo
similar to a parking garage
Bulk carriers
travel a stable
schedule similar to liner ships.
dedicated to the transport of a specific bulk commodity
Break-bulk ships
multipurpose vessels that transport shipments of unusual sizes
unitized on pallets, in bags, or in crates
tend to be smaller and have onboard cranes
the labor-intensive loading and unloading
load securing processes
Combination ships
multipurpose vessels that can handle different types of commodities and load types
own cranes and other equipment for loading and unloading cargo
combination ships strong develop
smaller size
cargo flexibility
handling equipment
Containerships
containers 20-foot
containers 40-foot
Fast loading and unloading speed
brought about labor savings to both the shipper and the ocean carrier
containers become a dominant form of packaged-goods
international shipping
Service Options
Liner service
provided by ships that travel on regularly scheduled voyages
serve a particular trade area
Charter service
owner essentially leases the vessel to a charterer (the customer)
Ship owners offer voyage charters for specific origin to destination trips
time charters for a specific period of time
Private service
owned or leased on a long-term basis by the exporter or importer