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BONES - Coggle Diagram
BONES
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TYPES OF BONES
FLAT BONES
are compressed, thin, and have two compact bone surfaces such as the scapular, sternum and skull.
IRREGULAR BONES
are bonesthat are not of regular categorisation such as vertebrae bones and some hip and skull bones
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LONG BONES
consists of a shaft and two extremities and are long as opposed to wide. Limb bones‐ except the bones of the wrist, knee (patella), and ankle ‐ are long bones. Such asthe femur and humerus.
SESAMOID BONES
can therefore be cartilage-covered bone that develops in a tendon. They occur in areas where the tendon is compressed against a body surface. The sesamoid bone can slide on the surface and prevent occlusion of the blood supply during compression e.g. the patella (knee) or the ball of the big toe.
FUNCTION OF SKELETON
- SUPPORT: It is the structural support for the entire body and provides the framework for the attachment of muscle and organs
- STORAGE OF MINERALS AND LIPIDS: Minerals contribute to the osmotic potential of cells and it becomes important to maintain this. Calcium is important in muscle contraction and as a co-factor for some enzymes. it is vital to keep reserves of calcium and phosphate ions. it also stores fat and lipids in the yellow marrow of the bones.
- BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION: Red and white blood cells are formed in the marrow along with other elements of the blood.
- PROTECTION: Many of our vital organs are surrounded by bone so they do not become damaged.
- LEVERAGE: Many bones act as levers to change the magnitude and direction of the forces the musclesproduce.
STRUCTURE OF THE BONES
Cartilage
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Joint cartilage (like all cartilage) does not contain blood vessels. It receives nutrients from
the synovial fluid and the bone that surrounds it.
Cartilage can get damaged by trauma or excessive wear. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are the two main diseases involving damage to the joint cartilage. It causes pain and stiffness of the joint and surrounding muscles.
Bone marrow
The hollow part of the bone contains bone marrow. The marrow is red in children but becomes yellow in adults as much is replaced by fatty tissue.
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