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Systems & Flows_SO 2_Q4_HC 2_Design with nature, image, Show impact if…
Systems & Flows_SO 2_Q4_HC 2_Design with nature
Attitudes towards nature
General types / views
Despote
man as ruler over nature
(dominant last centuries)
Enlightened despote
Man as ruler of nature,
but with respect for nature & future of mankind
Shepherd / Gardian
man is responsible for well-being of man & nature
Partner
man & nature = equal
Participant
man as part of nature, with his own place & identity
Mystic
man as part of nature; man has to submit to nature
Public health & Parks
(19th century)
Olmstead
Miasma theory
Miasma (NL: heide), released fumes/gasses, they thought that this phenomenon was caused by the soil/plants that were breathing out all the bad substances
Urban areas
Presence of trees
(clean the air/wall for dangerous gasses from outside)
Wide-open spaces & breezes
(air circulation/ventillation)
New healthy urban typologies
Parks
(English landscape parks)
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Boulevards:
straightening/widening of streets (with trees; air flow)
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Suburbs
(less density; Garden City)
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Remove cemeteries out of cities
Add natural landscapes/elements into cities
Aesthetic pleasing cities (bring aspects of the country in to them), how more people want to live in cities and how healthier & happier people will be
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Sarphati
Increased
medical knowledge
let to the discovery/belief that
environmental modification can reduce urban diseases & improve the overall health of citizens
: cities are toxic/unhealthy (curing does not help).
Medical topographies identified environmental factors related to desease
John Claudius Loudon
New Orleans & diaria: there is a relation between diseases & neighbourhoods (everybody was drinking from the same water source).
Studies from physicians provided medical basis for good and bad physical/topographical patterns & conditions
(air circulation, density, standing water, moisture in soil)
This let to landscape & urband design principles/responses to the threat of disease
(explained below).
Collage / Event
(20th/21th century)
Sarphatipark = popular, now every week a festival, yellow grass because of drought and barbecueing in parks: it does not work propely anymore
Function of parks nowadays: strowling, sitting/meeting & pressure because of different social functions & pressure on space
Park = urban space, so urban fragments should get a spot in this place, so like a
collage
.
Les Halles (Paris)
Abandoned 70'ies shopping mall
(hell hall; underground)
4 organizations, 4 solutions
One Architecture
Qualities of Paris:
luxury, beauty, (art, love) & extravagante
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Jean Novel
Concentrate the program in 1 dense unromantic (functional/industrial) buidling, rest of the terrain can be a green park. (Artificial nature & building)
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David Mangin
Winning proposal for possible solution, design principles (transform in beautiful, better places)
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OMA / Brunier - Museum park Rotterdam
Rose garden (apple trees) art / entrance to Museum & Architecture Institute
Podium: cinema/shows
Old abandoned park (revived)
Depot building (museum)
The moment you design a park, think about how the needs for parks are different now.
Parks have a lot of challenges: car parking, shopping, resting, social space, water retention, green space (biodiversity), skate park, be able to house 1000 people daily etc.
Prior (Medieval/Classical time)
2 seperate things:
cities (squares, buidlings & people) &
nature (agriculture/wildlands)
Evaluations of parks (urban revolutions/inventions mostly from other disciplines (philosophy/economists), not from urbanists
Video / literature
Why do we need green in the cities - Niek Roozen
We need much more gren. Urban population from 50% to 70% in 2030, How green will those New Towns & centres be?
Florioade 2002 Haarlemmermeer -
Green City Pavillion
Green City, Better City, Better Life (Shanghai World Expo 2010)
Sketch for the Expo terrain (simple lines of trees)
convince/explain to the government:
Explain importance/story of clean air with this Chinese van
Start the discussion about this toppic (climate active cities)
Other plan: Shenyang (CH) New Towns: Changbay River Park, Da Hunnan, Mozi Mountain park
Constructing a river (
develop green space first, when homes are ready, green is fully grown
), build in 2 years
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Unexpected results: usage and social aspect of parks (very high in China; barbeque plaza etc.)
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100% realized
The Green City Guideliness (book),
scientificly elaborated why
Playgrounds (kids; obisitas)
Urban farming (growing food production need)
Relaxation
Climate adaptation
Roof gardens can store 90% of rain water
(solve heavy rain)
Filtering & fresh air (CO2, PM10 or 2, N)
Biodiversity (bees etc.)
Microclimate (Urban heat island effect)
How bigger, how bigger the impact
Place certain plants/trees at certain places in order to create certain circumstances/effects
Adriaan Geuze (West 8) - New Orleans - Dutch land making & society - creating new narrtive landscape
Reflecting on Dutch spatial planning:
destroy beautifull and fragile areas / landscapes
for our living needs (build on the deepest point in Europe, last peace of green around Rotterdam)?
Returning pattern:
Urban middle class is replaced into the polders, the (ethnic) social under class is left in impoverished neighbourhoods (polders are the mirror of the society)
Result: disruption of both Cities & rural area's
Own research in other locations for housing in South East Randstad, that preserve the middle class in Rotterdam
Save nature
Every day we build on (and deminish the polder) with 2 Vondel parks a day (40 acres)
People have to life somewhere, where should we build otherwise?
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Foreign coutries look how we planned our country. If the Pyramyds were in NL, they would be completely surrounded by a city
Design with nature: projects
West 8 & MRIO - Madrid Rio Park
Situation: 8 lane ring road on the northern edge of the city, now kind of in the middle (next to Atletico stadium), North of water = good neighbourhood, south bad. Credit crisis: we need people to get to work, so create 1 big project.
Turn the road underground and create a park alongside the water
Urban designers: design the park, but most important is the meeting place for both sides of the River (make the bad part better).
Several bridges: cross through the topography (canalized river) and merges into different spaces & patterns
Space for the river (NL)
Landscape like a machine (tamed & adapted for efficiency of ships)
Realization: we can't control nature & keep making the dikes higher and higher, so
create place for water
& removing bottle-necks (water pulling up), create space for recreation, nature & dwelling (Lent). (Excavation of clay for bypas = money)
Plan Ooievaar: preservation and strengthening of the core competencies of the (rural) landscape & and
every situation/place is different
Build in dynamism! (low/high water levels)
Brownfields Emscher Parc (Essen)
Brownfields, often poisened ground (Rürh: every lake) What do we have to do with these abandoned areas?
Focus on the landscape: let nature come back (park), but don't demolish the industry buildings (hide a mistake/existing landscape with nature)
Power of
scenario's
/ concepts (sketches) & visualisations
To be able to decide a vision/goal on the long term
2 types of scenario's:
Projectvie scenario's
Current trends/developments & statistics are converted into a range of scenario's (extrapolate) or a end situation (in a historical development)
Prospective scenario's
Disclosed desired future/picture and the steps that are necessary to achieve the end goal
Scenario: no concrete definite design
Show the historical development
Take 2 driving forces (trends/developments, that create 4 scenario's)
Variants are being sketched where spatial aspects / changes/effects & spatial quality are prime subjects
Scenario's describe a certain development/process in a certain time-frame (end picture, so you can decide what you want and have to do now for later)
Stories
Louis Le Roy
Nature is domestic: eco-cathedral Mildam (nature-culture fusion), collects bricks & stones and builds structures in nature, never finished process
Show impact if scenario/situation ... is true
