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Learning Theories and Applications (Riley Massey) - Coggle Diagram
Learning Theories and Applications
(Riley Massey)
Neurological Learning Theories
Cognitive Dissonance
Leon Festinger - people develop routines and opinions to give their learning meaning. When these are disrupted the individual feels uncomfortable.
Associative Learning
Donald Hebb - when nerve cells in the brain are simultaneously and repeatedly active, synapses (links) are created and make connections
Artificial Intelligence
Donald Broadbent - the brain takes in large amounts of information, filtering out the majority of stimuli and determining what information is allowed into short and long term memory.
Emotional Intelligence
Daniel Goleman - intelligence is not just high IQ or technical skills, but emotional intelligence like self-awareness, managing emotions, empathy, social skills, and motivation.
Brain Plasticity
Norman Doidge - the property the brain possesses that allows it to change its function and its structure through its perception of the world, life experiences and imagination.
Meaningful Learning
Renate Caine and Geoffrey Caine - there are 12 principles that lead teaching and assessment away from memorizing information and towards meaningful learning.
Cognitive Learning Theories
Insight Theory
Wolfgang Kohler - people have a flash of inspiration when trying to formulate solutions to a problem.
Reception Theory
David Ausubel - in order to comprehend complex concepts, the individual must be presented with less complex and more generalized information, then extend off of that information.
Intelligent Action
John Dewey - education should not be separate from life itself and behavior modification occurs when the individual is able to relate the behavior to their experiences
Chunking
George Armitage Miller - there are limits on our capacity for processing information. Working memory can only retain about 7 bits of information at a time.
Cognitive Load
John Sweller - you are bombarded with sensory information, Sensory memory filters out most of this but keeps and impression of the most important items to pass to working memory. In working memory it is either processed or discarded.
Dual Coding
Allan Paivio - cognition involves the activity of two independent mental codes: a verbal code and a non-verbal code. These systems can work independently, in parallel, or interconnected.
Constructivist & Social Learning Theories
Constructivism
Jean Piaget - the construction of knowledge is based on an individual's experiences which are influenced by their emotional, biological, and mental stage of development.
Discovery Learning
Jerome Bruner - behavior modification is achieved through the person participating actively in the process rather than being spoon-fed information, thus discovering important aspects of knowledge.
Scaffolding
Lev Vygotsky - knowledge and thought are constructed through social interaction with family friends, teachers, and peers.
Social Cognitive Theory (Role Modeling)
Albert Bandura - behavior modifications are achieved by observing the actions of another, mentally rehearsing whether these actions are appropriate, and then initiating behavior that was considered appropriate.
Constructive Developmental Theory
Robert Kegan - the thought processes adults use to create their reality change over time. Reaching higher levels of cognitive development require one to become aware of subconscious emotions and beliefs.
Attachment Theory
John Bowlby - children become increasingly distressed when separated from their primary caregiver with five levels of progression.
Psychosocial Stages
Erik Erikson - During each of eight stages in psychosocial development, a person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality development.
Socially Situated Learning
Jean Lave and Etienne Wegner - placing students in situated learning environments (replicating real world scenarios) leads to authentic learning situations where they use critical thinking skills.
Ecological Systems Theory
Urie Bronfenbrenner - the world in which a child grows has a major influence on development. The personality and behavior of the child will also influence the way people in the environment will interact with that child.