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INFECTIOUS DISEASES & ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIBODIES - Coggle Diagram
INFECTIOUS DISEASES & ANTIBIOTICS
CHOLERA
TRANMISSION
VIBRIO CHOLARAE INHIBITS CELLS IN SMALL INTESTINE, RELEASE CHOLERAGEN
DISRUPTS OSMOTIC BALANCE, CAUSES CELL TO RELEASE LARGE AMOUNTS OF WATER DUE TO LOST OF SALT
TRANSMITTED IN WATER - CONTAMINATED FOOD, FAECES, COOKING UTENSILS, VEGETABLE IRRIGATION WITH INFECTED WATER
SYMPTOMS
LOSS OF FLUID, LOSS OF SALT, DEHYDRATION, DIARRHOEA
TREATMENT
REHYDRATION - GLUCOSE IS EFFECTIVE AS ITS TAKEN RIGHT INTO BLOOD
DEVELOPMENT OF SEWAGE SYSTEM
CLEAN WATER SUPPLY
VACCINES ARE SHORT TERM & NOT VERY EFFECTIVE
DENGUE
TRANSMISSION
VIRUS FROM FLAVIVIRIDAE FAMILY, FEMALE AEDES MOSQUITOES SERVE AS VECTORS
MOSQUITO TO HUMAN TRANSMISSION
SYMPTOMS
HIGH FEVER, ACCOMPANIED BY 2 OF THE FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS DURING FEBRILE PHASE: SEVERE HEADACHE, PAIN BEHIND EYES, MUSCLE & JOINT PAINS, NAUSEA, RASH, VOMITING, SWOLLEN GLANDS
POTENTIALLY FATAL DUE TO PLASMA LEAKING, FLUID ACCUMULATION, RESPIRATORY DISTRESS, SEVERE BLEEDING, ORGAN IMPAIRMENT
PREVENTION
REDUCE NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES - DESTROY HABITAT, RELEASE MALES WITH NO GAMETES, INSECTICIDES
AVOID MOSQUITO BITES
AIDS
TRANSMISSION
SEXUAL INTERCOUSE (BODILY FLUID EXCHANGE)
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
NEEDLE SHARING
BREASTFEEDING FROM INFECTED MOTHERS
INFECTS & DESTROYS HELPER T CELLS, CAUSING IMMUNE SYSTEM TO NOT RESPOND EFFECTIVELY
TREATMENT
NO ACTUAL CURE
ZIDOVUDINE TO BIND OR BLOCK ACTION OF REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE, STOPPING REPLICATION OF HIV
MEASLES
TRANSMISSION
DIRECT CONTACT WITH DROPLETS FROM COUGHS / SNEEZES FROM INFECTED PERSON
SYMPTOMS
STARTS WITH COLD-LIKE SYMPTOMS (HIGH FEVER, RUNNY NOSE, CONJUNCTIVITIS, KOPLIK SPOTS)
AFTER A FEW DAYS, A RED RASH APPEARS. OFTEN SPREADS TO FACE & THEN TO REST OF BODY
TREATMENT
CHILDREN WITH NOT ENOUGH VITAMIN A NEEDS EXTRA DOSES TO REDUCE RISK OF COMPLICATIONS
ANTIBIOTICS NOT EFFECTIVE FOR MEASLES
PREVENTION
MEASLES VACCINE
TUBERCULOSIS
TRANSMISSION
PATHOGEN: MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS / MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS
AIRBORNE DROPLETS, UNCOOKED MEAT, UNPASTEURIZED MILK
PRIMARY INFECTION IN LUNGS, SECONDARY INFECTION IN LYMPH NODES, BONES, GUTS
SYMPTOMS
COUGHING BLOOD, CHEST PAIN, SHORTNESS OF BREATH, FEVER, SWEATING, WEIGHT LOSS
TREATMENT
INFECTED PATIENT IS ISOLATED WHEN DIAGNOSED
SEVERAL DRUGS TO ENSURE DEATH OF BACTERIA IN 6-9 MONTHS (AS THE BACTERIA IS SLOW GROWING & NOT SENSITIVE TO DRUGS)
PREVENTION
BCG VACCINE
TEST CATTLES ON ROUTINES, MILK MUST ALWAYS BE PASTEURIZED
ANTIBODIES
SELECTIVE TOXINS USED TO KILL / DISABLE PATHOGENS WITHOUT HARMING HOST
ONLY WORKS ON BACTERIA & SOME VIRUSES
TYPES
BACTERIOSTATIC - STOPS BACTERIAL GROWTH
BATERIOCIDIAL - KILLS BACTERIA
EG: PENICILLIN
WHEN BACTERIA GROWS, IT PUNCHES HOLES IN ITS CELL WALL WITH AUTOLYSIN, THEN IT USES PEPTIDOGLYCAN TO FORM CROSSLINKS WITHIN THE HOLES TO STRENGTHEN CELL WALL
PENICILLIN STOPS PEPTIDOGLYCAN FROM FORMING, CAUSING BACTERIA TO CONTINUE FINDING NEW HOLES UNTIL IT TAKES UP TOO MUCH WATER & BURSTS
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE (EG: TUBERCULOSIS HAS IMPERMEABLE CELL WALL & ENZYME THAT CAN BREAK DOWN PENICILLIN)
WIDESPREAD USE OF ANTIBIOTICS CAN CAUSE BACTERIA TO DEVELOP MULTIPLE RESISTANCE