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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM - Coggle Diagram

- - - - biconcave discs
        
        w/ shapes that provide
        
        increased surface area
        
        place cell membranes close to
        
        oxygen-carrying hemoglobin
    - - combines loosely w/ oxygen
  - - - hematopoietic stem cells
        
        in red bone marrow
    - - respond to
        
        hematopoietic growth factors
        
        to specialize
  - - - form in yolk sac
        
        after birth, produced I n red bone marrow
    - - remain relatively stable
    - - involving erythopoietnein
        
        from kidneys & liver control
        
        (1)Erythropoietin is released in response to low oxygen levels.
        
        (2)High altitude, loss of blood, or chronic lung disease can lower oxygen concentration in the blood.
  - - - b12, I ron and folic acid
  - - - & liver phagocratize damaged cells
    - - nearly all of the iron is recycled
    - - released from heme portion
  - - - basophils
      - eosinophils
      - neutrophils
    - - monocytes
      - lymphocytes
  - - - allows white blood
        cells to leave
        the circulation
    - - phagocytize foreign particles
    - - dilate local blood vessels
    - - damaged cells attract
        and stimulate leukocytes.
  - - - 3,500 to 10,500 cells
- - - - between visceral & parteial layes
  - - - myocardium
      - endocardium
      - epicardium
  - - - two atria
        
        atrioventricular orifice
      - two ventricles
      - right chamber
        
        The right atrium receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus.
        
        The tricuspid valve guards the right atrioventricular orific
        
        The right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk.
        
        A pulmonary valve guards the base of the pulmonary trunk.
      - left chamber
        
        The left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary veins
        
        The mitral valve guards the left atrioventricular orifice
        
        The left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta.
        
        An aortic valve guards the base of the aorta.
  - - - initiates and conducts depolarization waves through the myocardium.
    - - pass slowly to the AV node
        
        impulses are conducted rapidly
        
        along the AV bundle and Purkinje fibers.
  - - - in the myocardium during a cardiac cycle
    - - The P wave represents atrial depolarization
        
        The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization
        
        The T wave represents ventricular repolarization
- - - - under realativtyu high pressure
        
        away from heart
  - - - vasoconstriction or vasodilation.
  - - - & venules
- - - - in small intestines
        
        absorb & transport lipids
- - - - extended into interstital spaces
  - - - of l. capillaries
    - - backflow valves
  - - - drain lymph from large body regions.
    - - collecting ducts
        
        thoracic duct
        
        right lymphatic duct
        
        empty into subclavian veins
- - - - from right ventricle to alveolar cappliaries
        
        in the lungs
        
        and vessels that transport oxygen-rich blood back to left atrium
- - - - & systemic circuit
        
        delivers o2 to all body cells
        & picks up co2 to be excreted
      - reaches lungs, where blood picks up
        oxygen & unloads co2
- - - - right and left
        coronary arteries
    - - brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.
    - - thoracic and abdominal groups
    - - terminates by dividing I nto r & l common I liac artieries