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HUMAN BODY LINES OF DEFENSE - Coggle Diagram
HUMAN BODY LINES OF DEFENSE
FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE
PREVENT ENTRY / REDUCE ENTRY OF PATHOGENS THROUGH DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY, REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
EG: INTACT SKIN, STOMACH ACID & ENZYMES, MUCOUS & CILIA IN NASAL CAVITY, MACROPHAGES IN ALVEOLI, ACIDIC VAGINAL SECRETION
SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE
HAPPENS WHEN PATHOGENS HAVE GAINED ENTRY INTO BODY / BLOOD STREAM
TYPES
NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE (INNATE RESPONSE)
INFLAMATION
SWELLING CAUSED BY HISTAMINE, INCREASES BLOOD PERMEABILITY
PYROGEN
BACTERIA PRODUCTS INCREASE TEMPERATURE OF INFECTED BODY
INTERFERON
PRODUCED BY IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS, INHIBITS VIRUS REPLICATION
SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE (ADAPTIVE RESPONSE)
HUMORAL RESPONSE
USES B CELLS PRODUCED IN BONE MARROW & MIGRATES IT TO LYMPH NODES
PATHOGEN INVADES BODY, ENGULFED BY APC (MACROPHAGE). MACROPHAGE DIGESTS MOST OF THE ANTIGENS, BUT SOME ANTIGEN FRAGMENTS WILL BE DISPLAYED ON MACROPHAGE SURFACE
THE FRAGMENTS COMBINE WITH MHC (MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX) ON THE SURFACE OF MACROPHAGE, FORMING ANTIGEN-MHC COMPLEX
MACROPHAGE SECRETES CYTOKINES / INTERLEUKINS THAT ACTIVATE HELPER T-CELLS WHICH WILL COMBINE WITH MHC-ANTIGEN COMPLEX
HELPER T-CELL PROLIFERATES & FORMS CLONES OF ACTIVATED HELPER T-CELLS & SMALL AMOUNTS OF MEMORY HELPER T-CELLS
B CELLS CAN BIND WITH ANTIGEN, ENGULF SOME & DISPLAY ANTIGEN FRAGMENTS. ACTIVATION OF B CELLS INVOLVE APC & ACTIVATED HELPER T-CELLS
ACTIVATED HELPER T-CELLS SECRETE CYTOKINES / INTERLEUKINS THAT ACTIVATE B CELLS TO DISPLAY ANTIGENS
ACTIVATED B CELLS INCREASE IN SIZE & PRODUCE CLONES OF ACTIVE B CELLS VIA MITOSIS. CLONES DIFFERENTIATE INTO PLASMA CELLS & B MEMORY CELLS
PLASMA CELLS SECRETE ANTIBODIES WHICH ARE TRANSPORTED VIA THE LYMPH TO INFECTED REGION
ANTIBODIES COMBINE WITH ANTIGENS ON SURFACE OF PATHOGENS, CREATING ANTIGEN-PATHOGEN COMPLEX, DESTROYING PATHOGEN
B MEMORY CELLS CONTINUE TO PRODUCE SMALL OF
ANTIBODIES EVEN AFTER INFECTION IS OVER
PLASMA CELLS DON'T LEAVE LYMPH NODES, ONLY ANTIBODIES ARE CARRIED BY LYMPH
CELL-MEDIATED RESPONSE
USES T CELLS PRODUCED IN THYMUS & MIGRATES IT TO LYMPH NODES
PATHOGEN INVADES BODY, ENGULFED BY APC
(MACROPHAGE). MACROPHAGE DIGESTS MOST OF
THE ANTIGENS, BUT SOME ANTIGEN FRAGMENTS WILL
BE DISPLAYED ON MACROPHAGE SURFACE
THE FRAGMENTS COMBINE WITH MHC (MAJOR
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX) ON THE SURFACE OF
MACROPHAGE, FORMING ANTIGEN-MHC COMPLEX
HELPER T-CELL PROLIFERATES & FORMS CLONES OF
ACTIVATED HELPER T-CELLS & SMALL AMOUNTS OF
MEMORY HELPER T-CELLS
MACROPHAGE SECRETES CYTOKINES / INTERLEUKINS
THAT ACTIVATE HELPER T-CELLS WHICH WILL
COMBINE WITH MHC-ANTIGEN COMPLEX
ACTIVATED HELPER T CELLS SECRETE INTERLEUKINS THAT ACTIVATE CYTOTOXIC T CELLS
ACTIVATED CYTOTOXIC T CELLS INCREASE IN SIZE & DIVIDE VIA MITOSIS PRODUCING CLONES. CLONES DIFFERENTIATE INTO KILLER T CELLS, MEMORY T CELLS, SUPRESSOR T CELLS
KILLER T CELLS (CYTOTOXIC T CELLS) LEAVE LYMPH NODES TO INFECTED AREA & SECRETE PREFORIN & GRANZYME THAT DESTROYS INFECTED CELLS
MEMORY T CELLS MEMORIZE ANTIGENS, ENABLING QUICK RESPONSE IF SAME PATHOGEN INVADES BODY
HELPER T CELLS SECRETE CYTOKINES / INTERLEUKINS WHICH ACTIVATES MACROPHAGE & B LYMPHOCYTES TO HELP IN IMMUNE RESPONSE