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Peaceful protests and their impact - Coggle Diagram
Peaceful protests and their impact
Birmingham, Alabama
Organisations
SNCC
SCLC
ACMHR
Birmingham was targeted because...
There were regular attacks of black people
Regular bombings of black houses, buildings and churches
It was completely segregated
Bull Connor was chief of police, and he could easily be provoked into using violence against protesters.
It included...
Sit-ins
Mass meetings
Peaceful protest marches
Shop boycotts
What happened
Hundreds of people were arrested in the first few weeks, so you black people, including students, and children were trained to demonstrate.
900 people of all ages were arrested on the 2nd of May.
On the 3rd of May, more people marched but as the jails were full, Connor ordered the police to set dogs and fire horses on the protesters.
This news spread through reports and photos and caused worldwide horror.
The march on Washington 28.08.1963
Size
It was a huge march which showed the huge support for civil rights across the USA.
No one could argue that it was only a minor issue
Who saw it - the audience
This march was broadcast live on television, not only in the USA but also other countries.
Kings Speech
Martin Luther King delivered his 'I have a dream' speech.
Led to more people seeing King as the leader of the civil rights movement
It gained more support for civil rights
The Crowd
The crowd was made up of both black and white people in peaceful protest together.
It also showed the support for civil rights from all classes, with famous people getting involved.
Freedom summer 1964
Voting
From 1962 to 1964 700,000 black Americans in the South registered to vote but hardly any managed to.
So CORE and SNCC set up the Freedom Summer and taught in Black freedom schools and held voter registration classes to teach locals how to pass the registration tests.
The 1000 volunteers that went to Mississippi were mostly white college students from good families which meant they could pay, and any violence against them would be big news.
White opposition
There were over 10,000 KKK members in Mississippi
The white Mississippians called the project and invasion.
They said the northern students didn't understand the south
They burned 37 black churches and 30 homes during the summer, and beat up man people.
Of the 17000 black people that tried to register to vote only 1600 succeeded.
The Mississippi murders
Andrew Goodman
A white volunteer
Michael Schwerner
A white CORE field worker
James Chaney
A Black CORE worker
On the 21 June they were arrested while driving to Schwerner's home and after they were released they were murdered by the KKK.
When the CORE and SNCC members attempted to find their bodies they found the burned out car on 23rd of June and the bodies of a further 8 black mem - 3 identified as CORE members
On the 4th August Chaney Goodman and Schwerner were found and they ad been shot.
Selma
The SCLC and King were invited by local groups to campaign in selma.
Fear of violence in Selma kept many black people from registering to vote
Selma had the largest WCC in Alabama.