Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The peaceful protests carried out by the CRM after 1963. - Coggle Diagram
The peaceful protests carried out by the CRM after 1963.
Birmingham.
On 2 April 1963 SNCC, SCLC and ACMHR began campaign 'C' to end segregation in Birmingham. They targeted Birmingham because it was completely segregated and because black Americans had often been attacked there.
Campaign 'C' included sit - ins, mass meetings, peaceful protests marches and a boycott of shops.
Hundreds of people took part, inspired by Fred Shuttlesworth of the ACMHR and Martin Luther King, who were among hundreds of protesters arrested in the first few weeks.
On 2 May, about 6,000 of them Marched. Most were students, but some were as young as six years old. Over 900 people of all ages were arrested.
The next day, 3 May, more young people marched. The jails were full, so 'Bull' Connor ordered the police to use dogs and fire hoses on the protesters.
Selma.
Alabama was another southern state needing federal action on desegregation.
In the spring of 1965, SNCC was still working for voter registration, but white officials had many methods of stopping black people from registering.
Selma was in Dallas country, where more black people were entitled to vote than white people, yet only 1% of them were registered to vote.
Local groups invited the SCLC and King to campaign in Selma. They arrived in January 1965, at the same time as President Johnson was stressing the need for a Voting Rights Act to make voting tests fair and help black Americans qualify to vote.
In Selma, people protested against the voter registration tests. Others tried to register to vote.
On Sunday 7 March, about 600 protesters set out to march from Selma to Montgomery.
The March on Washington, 28 August 1963.
Almost immediately after Birmingham, civil rights leaders planned a protest march involving people from all over the USA.
The March on Washington was for jobs and freedom.
It showed huge support for civil rights across the USA. Neither federal nor state governments could argue that it was a minor issue.
It was broadcast live on television in the USA and other countries.
Despite fears the protest would turn violent, it was peaceful and good - humoured.
The civil rights activists made speeches. King spoke last. His speech confirmed him, for many people, as the spokesman for the civil rights movement.
Freedom Summer.
After the Freedom Summer there were 1,600 more black Americans registered to vote in Mississippi, but over 17,000 tried to register in total.
The Freedom Summer made people aware of the problems of registering to vote, but people were beaten up, lost their jobs and were even murdered.
In 1964, SNCC and CORE set up 'Freedom Summer' in Mississippi. About 1,000 volunteers went to Mississippi to work with local campaigners on projects in the black community. Voter registration was important, because 1964 was an election year.