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The European Union - Coggle Diagram
The European Union
Progression of the EU since 1950
1958
Formation of the EEC - European economic community
The Treaty of Rome - 1957
International barrier tariffs removed, external tariff barriers created
1973
Enlargement - Ireland, UK, Denmark
Greece joined in 1983
1952
BENELUX - Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
The Start of the 'supranational' organisation
European coal and steel community was established
With France, West Germany and Italy
1985
The Single European Act formed and forced by 1987 - promoted the market and social improvement in the community
1986 - Spain & Portugal joined
1991
The Maastricht Treaty - sorted the economic and monetary union
EMU - economic monetary union - 11 countries
Increased intergovernmental cooperation in foreign and security policy - justice and home affairs
1997
The Amsterdam Treaty - 'area of freedom, security and justice'
1999
economic and monetary union was established
Introduced the Euro currency to 11 countries to begin with
2001
The Nice Treaty - European security and defence policy
2004
Enlargement - Cyprus, Hungary, Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia
2007
The Lisbon Treaty - The rejection of the EU constitutional treaty in referendums in France and the Netherlands
Bulgaria and Romania joined the Eu
2009
Sovereign debt crisis
Cyprus bailed out of the EU and the international monetary fund
2013 - Croatia joined the EU
The European Union
The Eu getting larger would expand the trade blocks and possibly boost the economy
Larger economic cores like Paris - Berlin
28 countries
Tourism exploited to a greater level
Freedom of movement between borders in the countries involved in the European union
Varying levels of wealth - the lesser fortunate countries get funding from the Eu to support their economy
The aims of the Eu
Establish a single European market
To promote economic, social and territorial cohesion
To promote peace and Eu values
freedom of movement within border with security and justice
Combat discrimination and promote equality
Combating discrimination and promoting equality in the Eu
The right to vote in the European parliament elections and local election for MEP's
Right to move across to another state to work or live with permission and legal allowance
The Eu has proceeded to update the basic rights for all people as everyone deserves to have their legal principles
Right to permanently residence in another Eu state IF they have legally lived their for 5 years
limiting working hours, improving health and safety, prohibiting discrimination in any workplace
Key Terms
Supranational - having authority independent of national governments
Unanimity - voting arrangement in which all states must be in agreement for a proposal to be passed
Enlargement - the expansion of the Eu to include and accept new member
Economic & Monetary Union - EMU creation of a single currency - the euro - supported by central banks - in order to benefit the organisation with trading
Qualified majority voting - proposals must win a set number of votes to be approved- a significant majority
Differential integration
Opt-out - an exemption, set out in a treaty or law, which means that a state does not have to take part in a specific EU policy
The ECM
The introduction of Euro currency in 11 Eu states
Some countries didn't agree with the union - UK, Sweden, Denmark, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic
Differential integration - after 1999, other states began to join the Eu. States move at speeds or towards different objectives at different speeds
2016 eurozone - included 19 countries
Drawbacks
Benefits
Control budgetary discipline - however, not implemented correctly led to the 2007 sovereign debt crisis
No more exchange rates
The euro brought an idea that countries would loose some sovereignty and countries would become more equal - the countries that didn't like this idea backed out for the agreement while they could like the UK
The European Union Institutions
European Council
All the Eu heads of government attend to the European Council, normally twice a year
Discuss issues that are too important for the functional councils and also deal with the issues that can affect the future development if the Eu
European Court of Justice
Consists of judges drawn from member states
The Court deals with disputes between states, may prosecute states for noncompliance with the European laws and is an appeal court
Council of Ministers
Series of functional councils within a larger organisation.
It is the sovereign body of the Eu, and deals with issues in areas like agriculture finance, trade and foreign affairs.
Members of different countries attend the meetings to discuss the issues, unanimous vote and 2/3s of the vote is required when voting on issues
European Commission
The commission consists of 17 functional divisions - like transport, finance, trade and agriculture
Its role is to implement the single currency, develop policies for ministers and implement laws and regulations adopted by the political institutions
European Parliament
Committee of the Regions
The Four Freedoms
Freedom of People
Any nation of the Eu can seek employment in another state
Under legal allowance - members of the Eu can obtain work in another country
Freedom of Capital
Removal of any restrictions on money
E.G. buying from foreign countries
Freedom of Goods
Member states cannot impose taxes on goods
Freedom of Services
Professionals, businesses and the self-employed can establish or offer their services across the Eu borders with allowance from superiors
The Eu Post-2010
2015
Migrant crisis
EU introduced limited measures to try and control the movement of people between countries
2016
UK votes in referendum for leave or stay in the Eu
52% leave / 48% stay