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chemistry chapter 5: structure and properties of materials - Coggle Diagram

- - - - compounds can be separated into their constituent elements using chemical separation methods, like thermal decomposition, where the compound is exposed to strong heat, or electrolysis, where there is electric current passing through the compound
    - - separation of mixtures into their constituents, since mixtures are elements and/or compounds physically combined, they can usually be separated using techniques such as filtration, chromatography and distillation, there is little to no0 energy change involved in the separation of these mixtures, however, some mixtures are not easily separated and large energy changes are involved to separate them
- - - - metals usually have high melting points because the atoms are held together in a lattice by strong metallic bonds
        
        metals and alloys are good conductors of heat as the delocalised valence electrons allow efficient transfer of thermal energy throughout the giant metallic lattice
      - alloys are mixtures, they usually melt over a range of temperatures unlike pure metals which have fixed melting points
    - - pure metals have a regular structure, if enough force is applied, the layers of atoms can slide over each other easily, thus when hammered, pure metals can be bent or flattened into a thin sheet, they are malleable. they are also ductile, where they can be pulled into a wire without breaking, the sea of delocalised electrons will continue to hold the metal ions together unless a much greater force is applied
      - in alloys, the atoms are different sizes, the regular lattice arrangement in the pure metal is disrupted, so a larger force is needed to make the layers slide over each other, as a result, alloys tend to be less malleable and less ductile than the pure metals they are made from, alloys are harder and stronger than pure metals