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IGOs - Coggle Diagram

- - - - attack on one state is an attack on all
    - - millions displace
      - failing economies
        
        USA and marshall plan (loans)
      - political instability
        
        could have cause communist parties to win
    - - nato and warsaw never engaged in conflict against each other
        
        more tension with soviet invasion of Afghanistan
      - joined forces from other side of ideology of NATO
  - - - 1955 - W. Germany joins, WP formed in response
        
        1991 - end of cold war, WP dissolved, NATO role change
        
        1994 - partnership for peace in former WP states
        
        NATO launches 1st military operation in Bosnia
        
        1999 - expansion eastwards
        
        2001 - 9/11 triggers article 5
        
        1 more item...
  - - - committed to fighting militant nationalism, promoting democracy & political integration
    - - for embedding democracy and stability
  - - - questioning role post USSR
    - - invasion of Afghanistan supported by NATO
        
        ISAF - international security assistance force
        
        aiming to provide security and stability to ensure peace and democracy
        
        maintained presence from 2003 - 2014
        
        controversial because
        
        military personnel from NATO countries suffered considerable casualties
        
        number of 'friendly fire' incidents
        
        many civilians were killed
        
        particularly by NATO airstrikes
    - - after cold war, most states under USSR joined NATO and EU
        
        seen as betrayal by Russia
        
        NATO expanding into former sphere of influence
        
        'encircling' russia
        
        membership in NATO would guarantee security
        
        membership in EU would embed democracy, human rights and market economies
- - - - prompted by horrors of second world war
    - - maintain peace and security
        
        through effective collective measures to prevent and removal of threats to peace
      - develop friendly relations between states
        
        based on respect for equal rights and self determination
      - achieve international cooperation in solving international problems
        
        economic, social, cultural, humanitarian and promoting human rights
      - centre for harmonising acts of nations
  - - - main body
      - all members represented
      - all voices heard with equal say
      - talking shop
      - policy making body of UN
      - decisions need 2/3 majority
      - ability to recognise states in international system
    - - most important for maintaining peace and security
      - UNSC can authorise military action to enforce its resolutions
        
        e.g Iraq (1990-1),
      - 15 members
        
        5 permanent 10 not
        
        elected by GA
        
        fo 2 yr period
        
        permanent = China, France, UK, USA and Russia
        
        victors of ww2
      - each member has a vote but permanent member have veto
      - strengths and weaknesses
        
        strengths
        
        represents the realities of world power
        
        can be powerful force when acting collaboratively
        
        represents ideals
        
        collective security, upholding UN charter & maintaining peace
        
        weaknesses
        
        often powerless to make decisions
        
        clashes of interest and member rivalries
        
        gives to much power to powerful states
        
        undemocratic
        
        represents world order of 1945
        
        lack of permanent members from some continents
        
        hard to reform
        
        permanent members must agree to changes
    - - principal judicial organ of UN
      - resolves disputes between member states
      - 15 judges elected by GA for 9 year terms
      - deals with sovereignty and border issues
        
        example is Thailand and Cambodia over sov. of the Temple of Preah Vihear (awarded to cambodia)
      - strengths and weaknesses
        
        strengths
        
        upholds international rule of law
        
        upholds principle that conflicts should be resolved peacefully
        
        need as there are sm disputes
        
        genuine neutrality
        
        decisions more legitimate
        
        gives opportunity to back down with no conflict
        
        weaknesses
        
        both parties must agree to the ICJ having jurisdiction
        
        no way of enforcing rulings
    - - oversees many UN agencies
      - 54 elected members
        
        coordinate IMF, World Bank, WTO and WHO etc
      - WHO strengths and weaknesses
        
        strengths
        
        important global issues have a forum
        
        quietly gets on with improving lives of millions
        
        focus on sustainable development
        
        weaknesses
        
        not powerful enough
        
        unclear and misunderstood role
        
        too decentralised
        
        underfunded
  - - - works as talking shop but has little power
      - gives equal say to democracies and dictators
      - represents interests of the state not the people
      - UNSC veto power protects permanent member interests
    - - global forum where every country is a member
      - allows equal representation of all states
      - unique in the world
      - 'jaw jaw is better than war war'