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4.1.1 Communicable diseases - Coggle Diagram
4.1.1 Communicable diseases
Classification (characteristics) of each type of pathogen
bacteria
viruses
protists
fungi
the different types of pathogen that can cause
communicable diseases in plants and animals
bacteria
animal
plant
protists
animal
plant
viruses
animal
plant
fungi
animal
plant
the means of
transmission
of animal and plant
communicable pathogens
spores
vectors
living conditions
climate
social factors
plant defences
against pathogens
production of chemicals
plant responses that limit the spread of the
pathogen (e.g. callose deposition)
the
primary non-specific
defences against pathogens in
animals
keeping pathogens out
skin
mucus membranes
(stages of) wound repair
expulsive reflexes
(stages of) localised inflammation
lysozymes in tears and hydrochloric acid in the stomach
getting rid of pathogens
fever
draw out (stages of)
phagocytosis
by (
neutrophils
and
antigen presenting cells
)
what are the roles for....in phagocytosis?
cytokines
opsonins
label the types of immune system cells and state if they are involved in the non-specific or specific response
antibodies
label the different parts of an antibody
functions of antibodies
opsonins
agglutinins
anti-toxins
specific immune
response in animals
draw and explain the
cell mediated
response
draw and explain the
humoral
response
**
immunity
what is immunity and how is it different from vaccination?
draw
and explain
the graph of time vs antibody concentration for the primary and secondary immune response
what is
natural active
immunity and give an example?
what is
artificial active
immunity and give an example?
what is
natural passive
immunity and give an example?
what is
artificial passive
immunity and give an example?
what is an
autoimmune disease
and how is rheumatoid arthritis an autoimmune disease?
the principles of
vaccination
and the role of
vaccination programmes
in the prevention of
epidemics
why are routine vaccinations needed?
why do vaccines and vaccination programmes need to be changed (eg globally)?
possible sources of medicines
how does this link with biodiversity?
examples
the potential for
personalised medicines
-what does this term mean?
antibiotics
what are the benefits of using antibiotics?
wide use of antibiotics following the
discovery of penicillin in the mid-20th century
what are the risks of using antibiotics?
how is bacterial resistance to antibiotics developing and
what are the implications?
