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overview of crystal growth - Coggle Diagram
overview of crystal growth
crystal
unit cell
The smallest building block of a crystal structure is called unit cell. The repetition of the unit cell forms the entire crystal.
Types of unit cell . Primitive cell( contains only one lattice point) No primitive cell( contains any number of lattice point)
Lattice + basis = Crystal
A crystal is a solid where the atoms form a periodic arrangement.e.g Diamond ( carbon crystal).
Lattice
Basis
Basis may be a single atom or group of atoms when basis is identically attached to every lattice point a crystal structure is formed.
It is infinite regular arrangement of points in three dimensions in which every lattice point has identical surrounding.
perfect crysta
This regular arrangement of atoms gives perfect crystals their characteristic properties, such as their shape, hardness, and optical properties.
A perfect crystal is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern throughout the entire crystal.
Polycrystal
Define
Polycrystalline materials are solids that consist of many small crystals (the “grains”). The grains are separated by grain boundaries and normally have random crystallographic orientations.
Example: Rocks ,all common metals
property :most poly crystals are isotropic in nature .
single crystal
DEFINE
Any solid object in which an orderly three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms, ions, or molecules is repeated throughout the entire volume.
Example
Quartz,Mica, Diamond etc
Property
they are Anisotropic in Nature
imperfect crysta
An imperfect crystal is a solid in which the atoms are not arranged in a perfectly regular pattern.
Here are some of the types of imperfections that can occur in crystals:
1.Point defects
2.line defect
3.planer defect
4.volume defect
5.schottky defect
6.frenkel defect
This can be due to a variety of factors, such as impurities, defects, vacancies interstial positions twin boundries or stresses. Imperfect crystals often have different properties than perfect crystals.
crystallography
Crystallography is the science of crystals, their physical properties, and the arrangement of atoms in their structures.
It is multidisciplinary field that encompasses physics, chemistry, materials science, biology, and engineering.
Applications of crystallography:
1.XRD(x-ray diffraction )
2.UV(ultraviolet spectroscopy)
3.STM(scanning tunneling microscope)
growth of crystal
Crystal growth is a major stage of a crystallization process, and consists of the addition of new atoms, ions, or polymer strings into the characteristic arrangement of the crystalline lattice
conditions for the growth of crystal
1.suersaturation
2.nucleation
3.temprature
4.pressure
5.clean environment
6.Yeild of crystal
Names of the crystal growth methods are shown in chart .
