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7.1 Energy choices and security - Coggle Diagram
7.1 Energy choices and security
Range of energy resources
Energy can be generated form both non-renewable and renewable resources
Non-renewable sources includes fossil fuels.
Renewable resources includes solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass, and tidal schemes
Fossil Fuels
Easily mined sources of coal led to early forms of transport based on this fuel.
Processing of fossil fuels to produce petroleum led to the invention of the combustion engine, and this technology has been accompanied by a general unawareness of the effects on the environment.
Renewable fuels
Renewables such as wind power often require set-up costs and may still be unreliable.
In future, the cost of non-renewable energy is likely to be much higher.
In the future, renewable sources of energy will become more attractive and increased use is likely.
Advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels
Fossil fuels are formed when dead animals and plants decompose in anoxic conditions, are covered by silt and mud, and are subjected to heat and pressure over ten of thousand of years.
Advantages
Relatively cheap and plentiful
Advanced tech have been developed to allow safe attraction and the tech already exists for their use.
Disadvantages
Encourage climate change
Unsustainable
Difficult to extract
Fossil fuel consumption and shale gas
The availability of energy still relies extensively on fossil fuels which account for around 80 percent of global energy consumption.
Shales are one of the most common forms of sedimentary rocks on Earth.
Renewable and alternative energy sources
Hydro-electric power
HEP power uses turbines which can be switched on whenever energy is needed, so it is a reliable form of energy generations.
Tidal power
Tidal power produces energy by using the ebbing or flooding tide to turn turbines which produce energy.
Solar energy
Passive solar energy is much cheaper for heating homes than fossil fuels.
Wind power
Wind power is produced by wind turbines driven by available wind energy - the wind turns the rotor blades which rotate a metal shaft which transfers the rotational energy into a generator.
Biofuel
Biofuel energy is produced by burning plant material to produce heat.
Wastes
Energy can be obtained from wastes.
Geothermal energy
Energy can be obtained from residual heat from ground
Energy security
Energy security refers to a country's ability to secure all its needs, whereas energy insecurity refers to a lack of security over energy sources.
Insecurity has since arisen for a number of reasons:
increased demand
geopolitical development
decreased reserves as supplies are used up
global warming and natural disasters
terrosrist activity
the conflict between Russia and Ukraine
The potential for conflict
Countries that depend on the Middle East for their oil need to:
help ensure political stability in the Middle East
maintain good political links with the Middle East
involve the Middle East in economic cooperation
Factors which affect the choice of energy generation
The availability and reliability of supply
Sustainability of supply
Scientific and technological development
Political factors
Economic factors
Cultural attitudes
Environmental factors