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GREEN CRIME - Coggle Diagram
GREEN CRIME
GREEN CRIMINOLOGY
- But what id the pollution that causes global warming to acid rain is perfectly legal
- we can identify 2 opposed answers to this question:
- TRADITIONAL CRIMINOLOGY: - has not been concerned with such behaviour since its subject matter is defined by the law, and no law has been broken
- SITU & EMMONS: environmental crime is ' an unauthorised act or omission that violates the law
- The advantage with this approach is that it has a clearly defined subject mater
- howver its criticised for accepting official definitions of environmental crimes, which are shaped by powerful groups
- GREEN CRIMONOLOGY:
- WHITE: any action that harms the physical environment or animals within it
- is a form of transgressive criminology- it oversteps the boundaries of traditional criminology to include new issues (aka zemiology)
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TYPES OF GREEN CRIME
PRIMARY GREEN CRIMES
- [south] Crimes that result directly from the destruction of the earths resources
- Crimes of air pollution:
- burning fossil fuel adds 6 billion tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year
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- crimes of species decline and animal abuse :
- 50 species a day are becoming extinct
- trafficking of animals and animal parts, fog fights and badger-baiting
- crimes of water pollution:
- deepwater horizon oil spill asues massive harm to Mari life and coasts
SECONDARY GREEN CRIMES
- Crime that grows out of the flouting of rules aimed at preventing environmental disasters
- state violence against oppositional groups:
- Hazardous waste and organised crime:
- disposal of toxic waste from chemical, nuclear and other industries is highly profitable
- because of the high costs of safe and legal disposal businesses may seek to dispose of such waste illegally
- environmental discrimination:
- poor groups are worse affected by pollution
- e.g black communities in US often find their house situated next to garbage dumps
POLIICING GREEN CRIME:
- SNIDER [Marxists perspective] : state reluctant to pass laws against pollution or harm by private businesses , and generally pass laws when pressures by public opposition
- green crimes commited by rich operations often have the power and legal resources to avoid them being lableled as criminals
- Can be defined as crime against the environment
- much green crime can be linked to globalisation
- The planet is a single eco-system an threats to the ecosystem are global rather than local e.g pollution in one country can turn into acid rain that falls in another
- green rime is also carried out by transnational corporations e
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- Difficult to assess impact (as can be long term)
- much research based on case studies
- recognises growing importance of environmental issues and the need to address the harms and risks of environmental damadge