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SOCIOLOGY - Coggle Diagram
SOCIOLOGY
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
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CLOSED-ENDED QUESTIONS
Advantages
- Easy to process/manage
- Easier to compare answers
- Reduces the possibility of variability
- Response options may clarify the meaning of the question
Disadvantages
- Loss of spontaneity in answers
- Can be difficult to avoid overlapping categories
- Can be difficult to make an exhaustive list of response categories
- Respondents may interpret response categories differently
- No rapport between interviewer and interviewee
STRUCTURED OBSERVATION
Advantages:
- More accurate and effective report of behavior
- Greater precision regarding the time, duration and frequency of behaviors
- Greater accuracy in the ordering of events
Disadvantages
- Rarely able to get to reasons behind the behavior
- Not all forms of behavior are accessible
- Issues with reliability and validity
- The reactive effect: People adapt or change behavior as a result of knowing that they are being observed.
- Potential to impose an inappropriate framework
- Tendency to generate fragmented data
- Ethical challenges
- Inter-observer consistency
- Intra-observer consistency
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QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
DIARIES
Disadvantages
- Expensive
- Suffer attrition
- Problem with memory recall
- High-level of involvement of participants
Advantages
- More valid data
- More reliable data
- Provides additional information
OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS
Advantages
- Freedom of answer
- Allows unusual responses
- Useful for exploring new areas
- Useful for generating possible answer to closed-ended questions
- Helpful in the inductive process
Disadvantages
- More time-consuming to administer and to respond
- Scholars must code the answer after data collection
CONTENT ANALYSIS
Disadvantages
- It depends on the quality of data/documents
- Coding manuals involve some interpretation
- Difficulties inputting latent content
- Difficulties answering 'why' questions
- Potentially atheoretical: inductive method
Advantages
- Very transparent
- Can be longitudinal
- Highly flexible
- Allows access to hard-to-reach groups
- Unobtrusive: it is possible to avoid reactive effect