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IVC - Coggle Diagram
IVC
Political and Social Aspects
Political System
Three major theories
Single state
No single ruler but several rulers
No rulers
Centralised Authority or oligarchy type political set up
Not ruled by priests
Concerned with commerce
Existence of State
Arguments for the existence of the state
Arguments against the existence of the state
Sculptures
Limited number of sculptures
Major findings with respect to sculptures
Priest-King
Description of the Priest-King sculpture
Dancing Girl
Description of the Dancing Girl sculpture
Lost-wax Technique
Description of the lost-wax casting process
Artistic style
Differences in composition, form, and technique
Variety and exploitation of media
Sculptural remains of animals
Representations of animals in other forms
Society
Matriarchal society
Mother goddess worship
Diverse professions
Different types of buildings for different classes
Workmen quarters and workshops
Fashion and attire
Religious Belief
Harappan seals and terracotta figurines
Animism and worship of mother goddess
Worship of linga and yoni
Male deity and tree worship
Procession seal and animal worship
Fire worship
Burial Practices
General burial practices
Grave goods and beliefs in afterlife
Different burial practices in different regions
Economic Activities and Trade
Agriculture
Raw Materials
Technique of Agriculture
Irrigation
Types of Crops
Cotton
Livestock
Metals and Related Crafts
Copper tools and weapons
Gold and Silver objects
Bronze and Other Tools
Bead Making
Black on Red Pottery
Cloths
Harappan Civilization Features
General Features of the Mature Harappan Phase
Transformation
Early/Pre Harappan-Phase (2700 – 2500 BCE): Regionalisation Phase
Harappan Story
Mature Harappan Phase (2500 – 2000 BCE): Integration Phase
Ghaggar-Hakra Plains
Famous Harappan Sites
Harappa
Mohenjo-Daro
Fortified Citadels
In News: Chanhu-Daro
Kalibangan
Surkotada
Dholavira
Lothal
Other Famous Harappan Sites
Socioeconomic and Political Aspects
Economic activities, occupation, and trade
Metals and crafts
Political system and existence of state
Sculptures, artistic style, and society
Religious beliefs and worship
Burial practices
Script and language, including comparisons with other civilizations
Urban Culture and Infrastructure
Features of Urban Culture
Villages to Cities
Town Planning
Roads/Streets
Pottery kilns
Public wells
Drainage System
Houses
Bricks
Public Buildings
A high pillared hall area
Great Bath
Great Granary
Granary at Harappa
Additional Facts
Historical and Archaeological Context
Basic Understanding of Indus Valley Civilization/Harappan Civilization
Excavation Timelines
Ancient Civilization (Bronze Age)
Mesopotamian Civilization
Egyptian Civilization
Indus Valley Civilization (IVC)
Hwang Ho Civilization
Note: All the major ancient civilization emerged on the banks of the river.
Geographical Spread of Harappan Civilization
Facts to Remember
Script and Language
Script
Pictographic and logosyllabic script
Boustrophedon writing direction
Common script and cultural integration
Number of signs and unknown language
Script in Egypt
Inscribed stone with writing in three different languages and scripts
Cartouche for kings' and queens' names
Script in Mesopotamia
Cuneiform script
Development and usage
Distinguishing Features of Harappan and Mesopotamian Civilization
Historical and Cultural Context
Basic understanding of the Indus Valley Civilization
Ancient civilizations (Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Hwang Ho)
Geographical spread of the Harappan civilization
Facts and excavation timelines
Urban Culture and Infrastructure
Features of urban culture
Town planning
Drainage system
Housing and public buildings
Harappan Civilization Features
General features of the mature Harappan phase
Transformation and integration phases
Famous Harappan sites